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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysophosphatidic Acid Increases Tight Junction Permeability in Cultured Brain Endothelial Cells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 68 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Brain capillary endothelial cells are coupled by a continuous belt of complex high-electrical-resistance tight junctions that are largely responsible for the blood-brain barrier. We have investigated mechanisms regulating tight junction permeability in brain endothelial cells cultured to maintain high-resistance junctions. The phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was found to cause a rapid, reversible, and dose-dependent decrease in transcellular electrical resistance in brain endothelial cells. LPA also increased the paracellular flux of sucrose, which, together with the resistance decrease, indicated increased tight junction permeability. Activation of protein kinase C attenuated the effect of LPA, suggesting that it was mediated by activation of a signalling pathway. LPA did not cause any obvious relocalization of adherens junction- or tight junction-associated proteins. However, it did stimulate the formation of stress fibres, the recruitment of focal adhesion components, and the appearance of tyrosine phosphorylated protein at focal contacts. Our study shows that LPA is a modulator of tight junction permeability in brain endothelial cells in culture and raises the possibility that it triggers blood-brain barrier permeability changes under (patho)physiological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68030991.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis in Cerebellar Granule Neurones: Involvement of Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme-Like Proteases (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 68 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Proteases of the interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) family have been implicated as mediators of apoptosis in several cell types. Here we report the ability of peptide inhibitors of ICE-like proteases to inhibit apoptosis of cultured cerebellar granule neurones caused by reduction of extracellular K+ levels and by the broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Unlike apoptosis induced by K+ deprivation, staurosporine-induced neuronal death does not require new protein synthesis. The ICE-like protease inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (O-methyl)fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-fmk) was found to be extremely effective at preventing staurosporine-induced death of cerebellar granule neurones and yet was completely ineffective in preventing K+ deprivation-induced death. Staurosporine induced cleavage of the 116-kDa poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme, a substrate of ICE-like proteases, to the 85-kDa product, and this cleavage was also blocked by zVAD. By comparison, K+ deprivation led to the disappearance of the 116-kDa protein, with no detectable increase in level of the 85-kDa cleavage product. Taken together, these results imply the existence of divergent ICE-like protease pathways in a CNS model of neuronal apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68041598.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Media for 10 Gb/in.2 hard disk storage: Issues and status (invited) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4496-4501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Future 10 Gb/in.2 recording densities represent submicron trackwidths and sub-100 nm bit lengths. This requires extremely small magnetic switching units and very high coercivities of the media to satisfy the signal-to-noise ratio requirements. At the same time the question of magnetic thermal stability and the lack of transducers capable of performing at these densities makes it difficult to evaluate media. An uncoupled, highly uniform magnetic grain size of about 10 nm is a compromise toward maintaining an adequately low media noise and yet maintaining magnetic stability. Here we discuss current media construction, the detrimental role of substrate roughness, the role of new media structures and alloys on microstructure and magnetic properties as well as techniques for evaluating media performance prior to the availability of the required playback heads. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361876
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of CoCrPt/NiAl thin films on (001) MgO single crystals (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1163-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The microstructure and in-plane magnetic properties of Co72Cr10Pt18/NiAl thin films sputter deposited on (001) single crystal MgO substrates have been investigated. The orientation relationship between the NiAl underlayer and the MgO substrate is determined to be [001](100)NiAl//[001](110)MgO. The CoCrPt films grow in a fibrous manner on the (001) NiAl underlayer and the orientation relationship between the two layers is determined to be [101¯1]CoCrPt//[001]NiAl, and (12¯10)CoCrPt//(100)NiAl (variant 1), or (12¯10)CoCrPt//(010)NiAl (variant 2). The CoCrPt film has two sets of in-plane magnetization easy axes. The major easy axes are along the MgO[100] (i.e., NiAl[11¯0]) and the MgO[010] (i.e., NiAl[110]) directions and the secondary easy axes are along the MgO[110] (i.e., NiAl[100]) and the [1¯10] (i.e., NiAl[010]) directions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117382
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting Josephson arrays as tunable microwave sources operating at 77 K (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1681-1683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-temperature superconducting arrays of Josephson junctions have been fabricated and tested as millimeter-wave oscillators at 77 K. Power levels in the microwatt range have been detected in the range of 90–160 GHz from arrays using from 350 to almost 60 000 YBa2Cu3O7 junctions. Monolithic log-periodic spiral antennas as well as quasioptical resonators have been used to enable power coupling. The arrays were also found to be bias tunable over ranges limited by the receiving apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110709
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-noise YBa2Cu3O7−δ direct-current superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer with direct signal injection (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1539-1541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated several low-noise direct-current superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers from single layers of YBa2Cu3O7−δ on 10 mm×10 mm bicrystal substrates. The magnetometer design consists of a single-turn pickup loop that is directly coupled to the SQUID inductance. At 77 K, these magnetometers exhibit large voltage modulation with applied flux of over 40 μV. The minimum flux noise, measured at 77 K using conventional flux-locked loop electronics with bias current reversal, is 3.5×10−6 Φ0/(square root of)Hz above 10 kHz and 6.5×10−6 Φ0/(square root of)Hz at 1 Hz. The field-to-flux conversion efficiency is measured to be 10 nT/Φ0, resulting in a white magnetic field noise of 35 fT/(square root of)Hz above 10 kHz, increasing to 65 fT/(square root of)Hz at 1 Hz. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113639
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device fabrication on the same sapphire substrate (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1282-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the first fabrication of active semiconductor and high-temperature superconducting devices on the same substrate. Test structures of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors were fabricated on the same sapphire substrate as test structures of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ flux-flow transistors, and separately, Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ superconducting quantum interference devices utilizing both biepitaxial and step-edge Josephson junctions. Both semiconductor and superconductor devices were operated at 77 K. The cofabrication of devices using these disparate yet complementary electronic technologies on the same substrate opens the door for the fabrication of true semiconductive/superconductive hybrid integrated circuits capable of exploiting the best features of each of these technologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109758
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addendum: "Low noise YBa2Cu3O7−x-SrTiO3-YBa2Cu3O7−x multilayers for improved superconducting magnetometers'' [Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 373 (1995)] (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 725-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The improvement in performance of superconducting magnetometers is discussed. It is demonstrated that the use of multilayer devices in a flip-chip arrangement, enables one to select the lowest noise SQUID from several made on a single substrate. (AIP)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115288
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Key elements for a sensitive 77 K direct current superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3058-3060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have made sensitive dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers that operate at 77 K have been made. By using bicrystal grain boundary Josephson junctions and a single layer of YBa2Cu3O7 thin film with optimized processing and an optimized directly coupled design, we have produced magnetometers with very low noise and a large transfer function. At 77 K, the transfer function is 100 μV/Φ0; the white field noise of the magnetometer is less than 10 fT/(square root of)Hz above 10 kHz, rising to 26 fT/(square root of)Hz at 1 Hz. The corresponding white noise energy has the low value of 2×10−31 J s; a value very similar to that of commercial Nb SQUIDS. Key elements required to achieve this performance are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114277
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desegregation of boron at the grain boundaries of the in situ boron doped diamond films (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2382-2384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High quality in situ boron doped polycrystalline diamond films were grown on the scratched Si (100) substrate. A saturated deionized water solution of boron acid was chosen as a dopant source. The concentration profiles of boron, tantalum, and oxygen were examined by using scanning Auger nanoprobe and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The boron atoms are uniformly distributed inside each diamond grain. However, no Auger signal from boron was observed at grain boundaries within the detection limit. In contrast, tantalum atoms are uniformly distributed across diamond grains and grain boundaries. A simple model was proposed in explaining the boron desegregation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114352
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