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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of Dipylidium caninum (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Dilepididae), an intestinal parasite of Canis familiaris (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 83 (1997), S. 349-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report for the first time the ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of a Dilepididae cestode. The mature spermatozoa of Dipylidium caninum is filiform and tapered at both ends and lacks mitochondria. The anterior extremity exhibits an apical cone of electron-dense material measuring about 600 nm in length and a single helicoidal crested-like body that is 150 nm thick. This single crested-like body is spiralized at an angle of about 40° to the spermatozoon axis. The axoneme, showing the 9 + “1” pattern of the Platyhelminthes, lacks a periaxonemal sheath. The cortical microtubules constitute a continuous, submembranous, electron-dense material, and they are also twisted at an angle of about 40° to the spermatozoon axis. Moreover, the nucleus is coiled in a helix around the axoneme, which is centrally located throughout its length. We demonstrate for the first time the presence of peripheral microtubules twisted to the spermatozoon axis up to the posterior extremity of the gamete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050260
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International scientific collaboration in Arab countries (1992)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 23 (1992), S. 249-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Through internationally coauthored scientific articles in the Science Citation Index data base, we analyse international collaboration of some Arab countries in science. Our findings show that international collaboration of these countries is concentrated on engineering & technology and fundamental & applied biology. Collaboration is often established through doctoral studies and the links thus created continue. Cultural and historical traditions play an important role in collaboration. We compare the SCI data base with a local survey of chemists in Morocco and discuss some of the limits of bibliometric methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02020926
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International scientific collaboration in Latin America (1992)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 24 (1992), S. 373-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract This study attempts to analyse the usability of international databases such as the Science Citation Index (SCI) for the observation of the international collaboration in lesser-developed countries. We have examined the adequacy of this data source (the SCI) in perceiving the international scientific activities of nine Latin American countries. We have studied the relationships of these countries with their main foreign partners in the large fields of science. It has been observed that some of these relationships are not covered by the data source under study. The creation of an information system storing complementary data suited for the identification of existing internatinal collaborative projects is recommended. In the longrange future such a system would provide more appropriate information for the analyses of international collaboration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02051036
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of international collaboration in science-part II: Comparisons of profiles in countries using a link indicator (1994)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 29 (1994), S. 271-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract In this article, the behaviors of countries in scientific production activities are investigated using an asymmetrical matrix system to analyze data collected from theScience Citation Index. Examination of international collaboration, intercountry relationships, and domestic scientific output patterns structured by 98 countries in eight principal fields of science reveal diverse aspects of country behaviors. Three asymmetrical matrixes are established and the multidimentional Minimum Spanning Tree technique is applied to classify, visualize and determine the distinctive characteristics of country profiles. Investigations are conducted at both a macro (country behavior) and a micro (particular city behavior) level in order to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology and to obtain global observations of country behaviors. It is argued that these methods contribute to reveal traditions and policies of countries, universities and research organizations as well as that of the international network of scientific exchange. Further usage of these methodologies is advocated for policy analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02017977
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Little scientometrics, big scientometrics ... and beyond (1994)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 30 (1994), S. 443-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02018121
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    World science in 18 disciplinary areas: Comparative evaluation of the publication patterns of 48 countries over the period 1981–1992 (1995)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 33 (1995), S. 149-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract In order to be able to develop indicators that can measure the scientific and technological productivity of a nation, it is helpful to have at one's command a prior purely descriptive global overview of how various nations stand with respect to each other with regard to world science, i.e., to dispose of a framework for the elaboration of future quantitative studies. ISI has recently made available a highly comprehensive multidisciplinary database (over 6 million bibliometric entries from 1981 to 1992) that is founded on top-echelon journals and that can form the basis of such a framework. We have in the present study defined a publication pattern per nation that reflects its interest and potential in 18 disciplines and compared the publication patterns of 48 nations by descriptive multivariate analysis, i.e., by measuring the distance between nations in the n-dimensional system. Proximity is a sign of similarity, distance of diversity. Three multivariate methods of distance measurement were used: a hierarchical classification, the distance of each nation from the centre of gravity of the system calculated by χ2-metrics (typicality of behaviour), a bi-plot of the χ2-distances of 46 countries with respect to two reference countries that highlights clusters of nations with similar behaviour. The resultant plots are open to interpretation by experts. We conclude that three factors, geographical proximity, culture, and economic development are the principal determinants of the publication patterns of nations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02020566
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multivariate analysis of publication trends in the 1980s with special reference to South-East Asia (1998)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 41 (1998), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract This study is a follow-up to a published correspondence Factor Analysis (CFA) of a dataset of over 6 million bibliometric entries. In the previous paper, CFA was used to show how the 48 most prolific countries stand in relation to each with regard to their publication interests in 17 specific disciplinary areas and one multidisciplinary field over the period 1981–1992. In this paper, we illustrate how the publication profiles of these 48 countries evolved over time during this period. We have (i) shown how analysis of the dataset highlights cutting edge versus ancient disciplines; (ii) identified the countries whose publication patterns underwent the most marked changes (e.g. the Asian dragons who chose to focus on engineering, materials sciences, computer sciences and molecular biology), and (iii) revealed the widespread attraction exerted by the publication pattern of the USA. There is, without doubt, an overall shift toward an Americanstyle pattern that may be a true reflection of research interests worldwide but that may also be explained by the hegemony of those who hold the reins of international publication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459045
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hierarchical author networks: An analysis of European molecular biology laboratory (EMBL) publications (1998)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 42 (1998), S. 405-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Co-authorship analyses are both difficult to perform and interpret. We have devised a new way of calculating and representing hierarchical author networks that depict relationships among authors in a more exhaustive and less equivocal manner than most available automatic analyses. Any structure, however complex, can be broken down into independent subclusters of authors that can be represented as individual interconnected networks. We illustrate our approach by analysing the authors of publications giving the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) as an affiliation in 1994 (from the ISI 1994 CD-ROM). The networks can be interpreted by referring to the official EMBL staff list (Annual Report 1993) and, in terms of research topics, by consulting the article titles and abstracts. In this respect, correspondence analyses of the author-publication matrices—that are the counterparts of the author-author matrices—prove extremely useful in structuring the thematic information. In fact, both methods—the hierarchical author networks and the correspondence analysis biplots—mutually enrich each other and provide a global picture of the inherent structure and interests of the EMBL as given by their 1994 publications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458379
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of international collaboration in science: Typology of countries through multivariate techniques using a link indicator (1992)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 25 (1992), S. 321-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract In this article patterns of international collaboration in science are investigated using a specific procedure to analyse data collected from theScience Citation Index. We develop an indicator based on the scientific linkages between countries established through internationally co-authored articles (COPs). The credibility, advantages and uses of this indicator are discussed. We apply the Correspondence Factorial Analysis method and the Minimum Spanning Tree classification to this indicator in order to observe the level of resemblance and the main characteristics of the collaboration structured by 98 countries in eight principal fields of science. The results shown summarize the diverse aspects of countries participating in collaborative works and bring into view the cognitive structure of international research. The use of these methods in the investigation of international collaboration contributes to the analysis of the complex structure of the scientific communities of different countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028090
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing anisotropic formulation for analysis of composites (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 471-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: numerical methods ; constitutive equations ; composite ; mixing formulation ; anisotropic elastoplastic model ; mapping stress tensor space ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general constitutive model adequate for analysis of the thermomechanical response of composite materials is presented. The model is based on the mixture of the basic substances of the composite and allows the evaluation of the interdependence between the constitutive behaviour of different compounding materials. The behaviour of the each compound is modelled by a general anisotropic thermo-elasto-plastic model, termed the ‘base model’. The different base models for each compound are combined using mixing theory to simulate the behaviour of the multiphase material.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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