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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By combining reflectance spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, the complex dielectric function of SrTiO3 in the frequency range 40–5000 cm−1 at 20, 100, 200, and 300 K has been determined. Using a factorized description, analytical expressions for the optical quantities were derived, giving excellent agreement with the experimental data. These can be used for two-layer fits of films on SrTiO3, e.g., of high-Tc superconductors. The fit parameters complement very well those found at higher temperatures. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The specific heat cp(T) and the magnetization M(B,T) of the layered superconductors Y2C2I2, Y2〈sup ARRANGE="STAGGER"〉13C2I2 (Tc(approximate)10 K), Y2C2Br2 (Tc(approximate)5 K), and of Y2C2Br0.5I1.5 (Tc(approximate)11.6 K) were measured from 2–80 K in magnetic fields up to 10 T. All samples exhibit sharp phase transitions in zero field. The jump Δcp at Tc is drastically reduced in amplitude and broadens significantly with increasing field. The temperature dependence of Δcp(T) and of Bc(T) is analyzed and is consistent with strong electron–phonon coupling. The 13C/12C isotope effect of Y2C2X2 is found to be nearly zero. In contrast to this finding the 3-dimensional parent compound YC2 shows weak-coupling BCS behavior. The anisotropic thermodynamic parameters of the materials are evaluated and discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2581-2583 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Far-infrared ellipsometric spectra of n-type (100) GaAs display sharp features in the range of the longitudinal optical phonon of intrinsic material, originating in the surface depletion region. We compare measured relative ellipsometric phase shifts with model calculations of the graded depletion layer. A very good agreement is observed, enabling us to determine the surface potential. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Postmortem neopterin levels ; Cause of death ; Cellular immune system activation ; Postmortale Neopterinkonzentrationen ; Todesursachen ; Zellvermittelte Immunaktivierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Erhöhte Neopterinspiegel in Serum und Harn Lebender sind ein Hinweis auf eine gesteigerte Aktivität des zellulären Immunsystems. Wir untersuchten 119 Harn- und 48 Serumproben von insgesamt 129 Leichen; bei 29 Fällen (Gruppe I) konnten Erkrankungen, die bekannterweise mit zellulären immunologischen Veränderungen einhergehen, festgestellt werden, bei den restlichen 100 Fällen (Gruppe II) lieferte die Obduktion keinen Anhalt auf derartige Erkrankungen. Die Auswertung unserer Ergebnisse ergab eine signifikante Erhöhung der Neopterinkonzentrationen in Serum und Harn in Gruppe I, sowohl gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe (Gruppe II) als auch gegenüber gesunden Personen. Da Neopterin im Harn zumindest über 24 Stunden post mortem stabil ist, könnte ein erhöhter Neopterinwert einen diagnostischen Hinweis auf eine Erkrankung, die mit zellulärer Immunaktivierung einhergeht, liefern.
    Notes: Summary Increased neopterin levels in urine and serum of living humans indicate an activation of the cellular immune system. We investigated 119 urine and 48 serum samples from 129 corpses taken at necropsy; 29 cases with a background of cellular immune activation were compared to 100 corpses with no such indication. Our investigations show the feasibility of postmortem neopterin measurements. However, different kinetics of serum and urine concentrations after death were observed. In addition, the data show that urine and serum neopterin concentrations were significantly higher when cellular immunological abnormalities were present when compared to the control group and to living healthy controls. The findings suggest, that increased postmortem urine neopterin concentrations in necropsy indicate pathological processes linked with cellular immune activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human entorhinal area ; Ageing ; Lateralitity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The total nerve cell numbers in the right and in the left human entorhinal areas have been calculated by volume estimations with the Cavalieri principle and by cell density determinations with the optical disector. Thick gallocyanin-stained serial frozen sections through the parahippocampal gyrus of 22 human subjects (10 female, 12 male) ranging from 18 to 86 years were analysed. The laminar composition of gallocyanin (Nissl)-stained sections could easily be compared with Braak's (1972, 1980) pigmentoarchitectonic study, and Braak's nomenclature of the entorhinal laminas was adopted. Cellsparse laminae dissecantes can more clearly be distinguished in Nissl than in aldehydefuchsin preparations. These cell-poor dissecantes, lamina dissecans externa (dis-ext), lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1) and lamina dissecans 2 (dis-2), were excluded from nerve cell number determinations. An exact delineation of the entorhinal area is indispensable for any kind of quantitative investigation. We have defined the entorhinal area by the presence of pre-alpha cell clusters and the deeper layers of lamina principalis externa (pre-beta and gamma) separated from lamina principalis interna (pri) by lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1). The human entorhinal area is quantitatively characterized by a left-sided (asymmetric) higher pre-alpha cell number and an age-related nerve cell loss in pre as well as pri layers. At variance with other CNS cortical and subcortical structures, the neuronal number of the entorhinal area appears to decrease continuously from the earliest stages analysed, although a secular trend has to be considered. The asymmetry in pre-alpha cell number is discussed in the context of higher human mental capabilities, especially language.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Inflammation ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; Tumor necrosis factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CGP 47969A is a novel piperazine derivative that inhibits the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1α (IL-1), IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), in human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan or IL-1 itself. IC50 values are in the range of 0.3–5 μmol/l. CGP 47969A does not inhibit total protein or RNA synthesis indicating selectivity for cytokine inhibition. CGP 47969A exerts its inhibitory effect at a post-transcriptional level, most probably by reducing translational efficiency of IL-β mRNA, as steady-state levels of IL-1β mRNA are not inhibited while the primary translation product, the 31 kD IL-1β precursor molecule, is dose-dependently inhibited by CGP 47969A. The compound is devoid of cyclooxygenase and phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity but efficiently inhibits the generation of PGE2 and LTC4 in zymosanstimulated mouse macrophages with an IC50 of 1.2 and 0.6 μmol/l, respectively. Antagonism of IL-1 and/or TNF is thought to have a beneficial effect on the course of inflammatory diseases. CGP 47969A may therefore represent a mechanistically new approach to the treatment of such diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 123-137 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Superconductivity ; rare earth metal carbide halides ; neutron powder diffraction ; crystal structure ; photoelectron spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Superconductivity in Rare Earth Metal Carbide Halides of the Type SE2X2C2The metallic nature of the carbide halides Y2X2C2 is due to Y—C covalency. The superconductivity of the compounds is attributed to a pairwise attraction of conduction electrons by C2-π* states at the Fermi level. The hypothesis is followed by experiments and band structure calculations. - Neutron powder diffraction reveals d(C—C) = 128(1) pm for Y2Br2C2. X-ray single crystal investigations on Y2Br2C2 and Y2I1.5Br0.5C2 show a characteristic variation of the coordination of the C2 unit. Systematic changes of the average halide radius in Y2(X,X′)2C2 (X,X′ = Br, Cl I, Cl and I, Br) lead to a monotonic increase of Tc = 2.3 K (X = Cl) via Tc = 5.05 K (X = Br) to a maximum Tc = 11.2 K for Y2I1.6Br0.4C2. No isotope effect for 12C/13C could be detected. Photoelectron spectra of Y2Br2C2 (excitation energies between 40 and 140 eV) are compared with the results of band structure calculations (LMTO, E.H.). The electronic structure reveals two bands crossing the Fermi level. One of them has C2-π*-Y-dxz,yz character and exhibits a saddle-point at EF. The other intersects the Fermi level with large dispersion and has exclusively Y-dx2-y2 character at the crossing point. The results are discussed with respect to theoretical models (van Hove singularity, local pairs and itinerant electrons).
    Notes: Die metallischen Eigenschaften der Carbidhalogenide Y2X2C2 beruhen auf Y—C-Kovalenz. Die Supraleitung der Verbindungen wird auf paarweise Attraktion von Leitungselektronen durch C2-π*-Zustände an der Fermikante zurückgeführt. Diese Hypothese wird experimentell und mit Bandstrukturrechnungen verfolgt. Neutronenbeugung am Pulver ergibt d(C—C) = 128(1) pm für Y2Br2C2. Röntgeneinkristalluntersuchungen an Y2Br2C2 und Y2I1,5Br0,5C2 zeigen eine charakteristische Änderung der Koordination für die C2-Gruppe. Die systematische Variation des mittleren Halogenidradius in Y2(X,X′)2C2 (X,X′ = Br, Cl; I, Cl und I, Br) ergibt einen monotonen Anstieg von Tc = 2,3 K (X = Cl) über Tc = 5,05 K (X = Br) mit einem Maximum bei Tc = 11,2 für Y2I1,6Br0,4C2. Ein Isotopeneffekt 12C/13C wird nicht gefunden. Photoelektronenspektren von Y2Br2C2 (Anregungsenergien zwischen 40 und 140 eV) werden mit den Ergebnissen von Bandstrukturrechnungen (LMTO, E.H.) verglichen. Die elektronische Struktur zeigt insbesondere zwei Bänder, die das Ferminiveau kreuzen. Eines besitzt C2-π*-Y-dxz,yz-Charakter und hat einen Sattelpunkt bei EF. Das zweite schneidet mit großer Dispersion das Ferminiveau und hat dort ausschließlich Y-dx2-y2-Charakter. Die Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen theoretischer Modelle (van-Hove-Singularität; lokal gepaarte und itinerante Elektronen) diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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