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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable and efficient green light generation by intracavity frequency doubling of Nd:YVO4 lasers (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 299-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A green light source of 11 mW (maximum) has been obtained by frequency doubling in 3 at. % Nd:YVO4 lasers pumped by a single longitudinal mode laser diode (LD), for a 50 mW incident pumping power, with grating feedback optics. When the temperature of the LD was changed within the range of 23±10 °C, the oscillated wavelength of the LD remained unchanged, and the relative intensity noise of the green light was maintained to less than −140 dB/Hz (at 2.5 MHz).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110084
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inhibitory effect of TMK688, a novel anti-allergic drug having both 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity and anti-histamine activity, against bronchoconstriction, leukotriene production and inflammatory cell infiltration in sensitized guinea pigs (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background TMK688 is being developed as ati anti-allergic drug having both 5-lipoxygenasc inhibitory activity atid anti-histaminc activity.Method We compared the inhibition ol the late asthmatic rcsponses by TMK688 with that by other anti-allergic agents in actively sensitized guinea pigs, and examined the relationship between 5-lipoxygetiase inhibition and the late asthmatic responsesResults At 1–3.2 mg/kg, TMK688 inhibited the increases in respiratory resistance, leukotriene (LT) B4 and C4 production in the lungs and eosinophil infiltralion into the alveoli during the late asthmatic response, whereas the eliects tended to lessen at the dose of 10mg/kg. These effects are thought to be caused by the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of TMK688 because Azelastine. an anti-allergic drug having potent antihistamine activity, exhibited no effect. ONO-1078. a peptide LT antagonist. inhibited the late-phase bronchoconstriction at a dose of 100mg/kg p.o., but not the increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the alveoli, suggesting that the late-phase bronchoconstriction is induced, in part, by peptide LTs, i.e. LT C4, D4 and E4 atid that the inflammatory cell infiltration may be caused by LTB4, TMK688 inhibited the immediate bronchoconstriction dose-dependently, and the effect was significant at a dose of 10mg/kg orally. Since Azelastine, Ketotifen and Oxatomide suppressed the bronchoconstriction at far lower doses than did TMK688, the inhibitory effect was mainly caused by its antihistamine activity.Conclusions TMK688 appears to be a novel anti-allergic drug having inhibitory effects on both the bronchoconstriction and the infiltration of inflatnmutory cells during late asthmatic responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00680.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the Japanese general population: the Hisayama study (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 1198-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus ; 75-g oral glucose tolerance test ; a Japanese community ; population-based epidemiologic study ; Hisayama
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We determined the population-based prevalence of diabetes mellitus in members of the Japanese community, Hisayama aged 40–79 years old by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The basic population used to calculate diabetic prevalence was 1,077 men (72.8% of the whole population in the same age range) and 1,413 women (80.8%) including ten diabetic patients on insulin therapy. In addition, we compared the prevalence of history of diabetes which was acquired by interview or questionnaire, between participants and non-participants in the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, but they were not statistically different. The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes to world population was 12.7% for men and 8.4% for women, and that of impaired glucose tolerance was 19.6% for men and 18.4% for women. These figures were much higher than those previously reported from several Japanese communities. The results obtained from the present study could reveal true prevalence of diabetes among the Japanese population. In addition, the reasons for the increasing prevalence of diabetes among the recent Japanese population are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401066
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio after birth in human neonates (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 53 (1998), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Neonates ; CYP3A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol (6β-OHF/C) ratio was measured in human neonates to assess the CYP3A enzyme activity. Methods: Urinary 6β-OHF/C ratio was determined on the day of birth in 94 neonates including those born prematurely. In addition, changes in the ratios after birth were also determined in 81 neonates. Results: On the day of birth, a significant positive correlation was found between urinary 6β-OHF/C ratios and gestational age (r=0.476) and birth weight (r=0.283). There was no gender difference in the urinary 6β-OHF/C ratios in human neonates. Furthermore, delivery modes such as cesarean section and vaginal delivery did not appear to affect the urinary 6β-OHF/C ratio. The mean ratio of urinary 6β-OHF/C observed in 39 mature neonates (more than 37 weeks of gestational age) was higher than that observed in adults (16.5 vs 9.9). Within 5 days after birth, the ratio rapidly decreased to less than that in adults. In contrast, the mean ratio of urinary 6β-OHF/C observed in 42 premature neonates (under 37 weeks of gestational age) was significantly lower than that observed in mature neonates (5.3 vs 16.5) and was virtually unchanged during the 14-days after birth. Therefore, no significant difference was observed in the mean ratio of urinary 6β-OHF/C between mature and premature neonates at 5 days after birth. Conclusion: From these results, it was concluded that on the day of birth, mature neonates might possess a higher activity of CYP3A enzyme compared with premature neonates, and that the CYP3A enzyme activity in mature neonates might be promptly changed at an early stage after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050390
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of drug-drug interactions of zonisamide metabolism in humans from in vitro data (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Zonisamide ; CYP3A4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The purposes of this study were to identify the P450 enzyme (CYP) responsible for zonisamide metabolism in humans by using expressed human CYPs and to predict drug interaction of zonisamide in vivo from in vitro data. Methods: Ten expressed human CYPs and human liver microsomes were used in the experiments for the identification of enzymes responsible for zonisamide metabolism and for the prediction of drug-drug interactions of zonisamide metabolism in humans from in vitro data, respectively. Two-sulfamoylacetyl phenol, a reductive metabolite of zonisamide, was measured by the HPLC method. Results: From the experiments using ten expressed human CYPs, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were shown to be capable of catalyzing zonisamide reduction. However, an intrinsic clearance, Vmax/kM, of CYP3A4 was much higher than those of CYP2C19 and CYP3A5. From the point of view of enzyme amount in human liver CYPs isoform and their intrinsic clearance, it was suggested that CYP3A4 is mainly responsible for zonisamide metabolism in human CYPs. Zonisamide metabolism in human liver microsomes was markedly inhibited by cyclosporin A, dihydroergotamine, ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole and triazolam. We estimated the possibility and degree of change of zonisamide clearance in vivo in clinical dose range from in vitro inhibition constant of other drugs against zonisamide metabolism (Ki) and unbound inhibitor concentration in blood (Iu) in clinical usage. Clearance of zonisamide was maximally estimated to decrease by 31%, 23% and 17% of the clearance without inhibitors i.e. ketoconazole, cyclospolin A and miconazole, respectively. Fluconazole and carbamazepine are estimated to decrease by 5–6% of the clearance of zonisamide. On the other hand, there may be lack of interaction of zonisamide metabolism by dihydroergotamine, itraconazole and triazolam in clinical dose range. Conclusion: We demonstrated that: (1) zonisamide is metabolized by recombinant CYP3A4, CYP2C19 and CYP3A5, (2) the metabolism is inhibited to a variable extent by known CYP3A4/5 substrates and/or inhibitors in human liver microsomes, and (3) in vitro-in vivo predictive calculations suggest that several compounds demonstrating CYP3A4-affinity might cause in vivo drug-drug interactions with zonisamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050442
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Japanese family with autosomal dominant growth hormone deficiency (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 624-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Autosomal dominant growth hormone deficiency ; GH-1 gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 1-year-old Japanese boy and his father with isolated growth hormone deficiency II. In both cases, a G → A transition of the first base of the donor splice site of intron 3 of the growth hormone-1 gene was detected. All unaffected family members were homozygous normal. Conclusion This is the fourth reported case of autosomal isolated growth hormone deficiency II with a G → A transition. The CG dinucleotide at the exon 3-intron 3 junction of the growth hormone-1 gene appears to be a hot spot for point mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051164
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association of the insulin resistance syndrome with impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM in the Japanese general population: the Hisayama study (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 897-904 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin resistance ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; population-based study ; epidemiology ; Japanese ; Hisayama study.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the risk factors for initiating glucose intolerance, the relevant factors were explored in a cross-sectional survey conducted in a sample population aged 40–79 years old selected from a Japanese community, Hisayama, Japan in 1988. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was used to classify 1,073 men (72.5 % of the entire population in the same age range) and 1,407 women (80.5 %) into normal, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus groups. In all age and sex groups with normal glucose tolerance, the sum of fasting and 2-h post-load insulin values varied widely and demonstrated significant positive correlations with triglycerides, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while it negatively correlated to HDL cholesterol (p 〈 0.05). Insulin resistance was presumed to develop in normal glucose tolerance subjects with hyperinsulinaemia. The sum of the insulin concentrations, triglycerides, body mass index, waist-hip ratio and blood pressure levels was significantly associated with impaired glucose tolerance in all age and sex groups after adjustment for age (p 〈 0.05) and was also related to diabetes in either all or some age and sex groups, respectively (p 〈 0.05). It was shown that glucose intolerance in the general population was associated with the factors related to insulin resistance. These cross-sectional data, therefore, support the hypothesis that insulin resistance is the primary defect in the development of glucose intolerance in the Japanese general population. However, a further prospective study is still needed in order to confirm this hypothesis. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 897–904]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400945
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association of the insulin resistance syndrome with impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM in the Japanese general population: the Hisayama study (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 897-904 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin resistance ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; population-based study ; epidemiology ; Japanese ; Hisayama study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the risk factors for initiating glucose intolerance, the relevant factors were explored in a cross-sectional survey conducted in a sample population aged 40–79 years old selected from a Japanese community, Hisayama, Japan in 1988. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was used to classify 1,073 men (72.5% of the entire population in the same age range) and 1,407 women (80.5%) into normal, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus groups. In all age and sex groups with normal glucose tolerance, the sum of fasting and 2-h post-load insulin values varied widely and demonstrated significant positive correlations with triglycerides, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while it negatively correlated to HDL cholesterol (p〈0.05). Insulin resistance was presumed to develop in normal glucose tolerance subjects with hyperinsulinaemia. The sum of the insulin concentrations, triglycerides, body mass index, waist-hip ratio and blood pressure levels was significantly associated with impaired glucose tolerance in all age and sex groups after adjustment for age (p〈0.05) and was also related to diabetes in either all or some age and sex groups, respectively (p〈0.05). It was shown that glucose intolerance in the general population was associated with the factors related to insulin resistance. These cross-sectional data, therefore, support the hypothesis that insulin resistance is the primary defect in the development of glucose intolerance in the Japanese general population. However, a further prospective study is still needed in order to confirm this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400945
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in hair of inhabitants of a cadmium polluted area (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 144 (1990), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the present situation of inhabitants living in the cadmium polluted area of Toyama Prefecture of Japan, 95 hair samples were analyzed by neutron activation method. The median and the geometric standard deviation were determined from a cumulative frequency distribution curve of the elemental concentrations for each of 3 groups: male, female without perm and female with perm which were divided furthermore by two age ranges: 20≦ age〈50 and 50≦ age. These concentrations were compared with those in some organs and urine reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02162192
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