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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Paris : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Etudes anglaises. 23:3 (1970:juil./sept.) 302 
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Human Y chromosome ; Y polymorphisms ; Human radiation ; Single tandem repeats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The haplotypes at four polymorphic loci of theY chromosome were determined in 245 Caucasian males from 12 subpopulations. The data show that haplotype radiation occurred among Caucasians. Haplotype radiation was accompanied by recurrent mutations at STR loci that caused partial randomization of haplotype structure. The present distribution of alleles at short tandem repeats (STRs) can be explained by a mutation pattern similar to those described for autosomal STRs. The degree of variation among groups of subpopulations was assayed by using the Analysis of Molecular Variance. The results confirm a faster divergence of the Y chromosome as compared to the rest of the genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 99 (1996), S. 744-749 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Keramik ; Schenkelhalsfraktur ; Hüftprothese ; Key words Ceramic ; Femoral neck fracture ; Hip prothesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Total hip replacement is often recommended for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. A less invasive approach with shorter operating time is the replacement of the femoral head only, leaving the acetabular cartilage in situ. Hemiarthroplastic hip replacement using a metallic head prosthesis was not successful in the past, because the majority of patients developed protrusio acetabuli after surgery. In the present study hemiarthroplastic hip replacement using an Al2O3-ceramic head was shown to be a useful method for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. From 1985 to 1990 277 patients were treated with hemiarthroplasty. The average age at the time of accident and operation was 81.7 years. At the time of follow-up in 1993 only 77 survivors were available for examination. A standardized score was calculated assessing activity, gait, hip pain, etc., with the patients obtaining an average score of 58 out of a possible 78 points. Only three patients had hip pain, and in four cases the roentgenographic examination revealed protrusio acetabuli. Two of these four patients underwent revision surgery for replacement of the cup, leaving the stem in situ. In view of the small number of approach-related complications, hemiarthroplastic hip replacement using an Al2O3-ceramic head is the recommended surgical treatment for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. In the rare patient with protrusio acetabuli, revision surgery can be performed to replace the cup, leaving the stem in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 77 (1985), S. 46-51 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracranial pressure ; cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin ; plasma vasopressin ; hydrocephalus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response of plasma and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentration to short-time induced intracranial hypertension was studied in 8 patients with hydrocephalus, defined as ventricular enlargement on computerized tomography. In connection with measurement of conductance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow, the concentration of vasopressin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid was measured during perfusion at a low (〈l0mmHg) and at a high (〉20 mmHg) intraventricular pressure level. Mean plasma vasopressin concentration was increased from 2.4±0.4pg/ml (SEM) during perfusion at the low pressure level to 4.2±0.8 pg/ml (p〈0.01) at the high pressure level. The cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of vasopressin at the low and high intraventricular pressure were 1.2 ±0.1pg/ml and 1.7±0.2 pg/ml (p〈0.05), respectively. However, only half of the patients responded to the increase in intraventricular pressure with an increase in cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentration exceeding 50%. The results of the present study suggest that an increase in the intracranial pressure might be a stimulus for vasopressin release in both the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: SchlüsselwörterBorrelia ; burgdorferi ; Lyme-Borreliose ; Polymerase-Kettenreaktion ; PCR ; Key wordsBorrelia ; burgdorferi ; Lyme disease ; polymerase chain reaction ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Borrelia burgdorferi specific DNA has been detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in different specimens of patients with Lyme disease (LD). The aim of the present study is to evaluate PCR-diagnostic of urine specimens regarding rheumatologic diagnosis of Lyme disease. Urine specimens of 77 patients (LD, n=34; undifferentiated arthritis (UA), n=25; arthralgia/myalgia (AM), n=18) and 15 controls were investigated. Flagellin gene (60 specimens) or OspA-plasmid (32 specimens) were used as targets. Sensitivity of the flagellin-nested-PCR was 27%, by OspA-nested-PCR only one positive PCR result was found. Despite of low sensitivity PCR enabled the correct diagnosis of LD in two patients classified as UA. Therefore, PCR can give valuable hints in single cases if LD is clinically suspected.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Borrelia burgdorferi– spezifische DNA läßt sich mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) in verschiedenen Untersuchungsmaterialien von Patienten mit einer Lyme-Borreliose (LB) nachweisen. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, den Wert der PCR-Untersuchungen von Urin im Hinblick auf die rheumatologische Diagnostik der Lyme-Borreliose zu überprüfen. Von 77 Patienten (LB n=34, undifferenzierte Arthritis (UA) n=25, Arthralgien/Myalgien (AM) n=18) und 15 Kontrollpersonen wurden Urinproben untersucht. Als Zielsequenzen dienten Flagellin-Gen (60 Proben) oder OspA-Plasmid (32 Proben). Es fand sich eine Sensitivität der Flagellin-nested-PCR von 27%, mittels OspA-nested-PCR wurde dagegen nur ein positiver Befund erhoben. Trotz formal niedriger Sensitivität konnte bei 2 Patienten mit einer UA erst durch die PCR die Diagnose LB gesichert werden. In Einzelfällen bietet die PCR somit diagnostisch wertvolle Hinweise bei klinischem Verdacht auf eine LB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 73 (1995), S. 195-207 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a formal model of olfactory transduction corresponding to the biochemical reaction cascade found in chemosensory neurons. It assumes that odorants bind to receptor proteins which, in turn, activate transducer mechanisms corresponding to second messenger-mediated processes. The model is reformulated as a mathematically equivalent artificial neural network (ANN). To enable comparison of the computational power of our model, previously suggested models of chemosensory transduction are also presented in ANN versions. In ANNs, certain biological parameters, such as rate constants and affinities, are transformed into weights that can be fitted by training with a given experimental data set. After training, these weights do not necessarily equal the real biological parameters, but represent a set of values that is sufficient to simulate an experimental set of data. We used ANNs to simulate data recorded from bee subplacodes and compare the capacity of our model with ANN versions of other models. Receptor neurons of the nonpheromonal, general odor-processing subsystem of the honeybee are broadly tuned, have overlapping response spectra, and show highly nonlinear concentration dependencies and mixture interactions, i.e., synergistic and inhibitory effects. Our full model alone has the necessary complexity to simulate these complex response characteristics. To account for the complex response characteristics of honeybee receptor neurons, we suggest that several different receptor protein types and at least two second messenger systems are necessary that may interact at various levels of the transduction cascade and may eventually have opposing effects on receptor neuron excitability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 73 (1995), S. 195-207 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We present a formal model of olfactory transduction corresponding to the biochemical reaction cascade found in chemosensory neurons. It assumes that odorants bind to receptor proteins which, in turn, activate transducer mechanisms corresponding to second messenger-mediated processes. The model is reformulated as a mathematically equivalent artificial neural network (ANN). To enable comparison of the computational power of our model, previously suggested models of chemosensory transduction are also presented in ANN versions. In ANNs, certain biological parameters, such as rate constants and affinities, are transformed into weights that can be fitted by training with a given experimental data set. After training, these weights do not necessarily equal the real biological parameters, but represent a set of values that is sufficient to simulate an experimental set of data. We used ANNs to simulate data recorded from bee subplacodes and compare the capacity of our model with ANN versions of other models. Receptor neurons of the nonpheromonal, general odor-processing subsystem of the honeybee are broadly tuned, have overlapping response spectra, and show highly nonlinear concentration dependencies and mixture interactions, i.e., synergistic and inhibitory effects. Our full model alone has the necessary complexity to simulate these complex response characteristics. To account for the complex response characteristics of honeybee receptor neurons, we suggest that several different receptor protein types and at least two second messenger systems are necessary that may interact at various levels of the transduction cascade and may eventually have opposing effects on receptor neuron excitability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human evolution 11 (1996), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 1824-310X
    Keywords: Hominid evolution ; longevity ; Australopithecus ; Homo ; body weight ; brain size ; allometry ; life history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Under the assumption that life history in general and longevity in particular play an important part in the study of evolutionary patterns and processes, this paper focuses on predicting longevity changes across hominid evolution and attempts to throw light on the significance of such changes. We also consider some statistical arguments in the analysis of hominid life history patterns. Multiple regression techniques incorporating primate body weight and brain size data are used to predict hominied longevity and the results are compared to those in the literature. Our findings suggest that changes in hominid longevity are more likely to follow brain size than body weight, and that multiple regression techniques may be an appropriate avenue for future studies on life history variation in human evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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