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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 10 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 1850-1854 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The (3)/(2) ω0 harmonic emission has been observed from a laser-produced plasma using exploding foil targets illuminated by 1.053 μm laser light with a 300 psec square pulse. The shift of the measured wavelength from (2)/(3) λ0 is found to depend markedly on the target thickness. Variation of the flow velocity and thus the Doppler shifts of the wave frequency with target thickness is found to be more important than variation of the electron temperature. Adjusting the measured wavelength by Doppler shifts calculated with flow velocities from simulations brings the measurements from different target thicknesses into agreement. These results indicate that previous predictions of electron temperatures from analyses of half-harmonic spectra from inertial confinement fusion plasmas are up to a factor of 2 too small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 583-593 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) was studied in experiments with laser-irradiated Au disk targets. Typically the laser energy was 150 J in a 1.0 nsec pulse at a wavelength of 526 nm. Laser intensity at the target was ∼7×1014 W/cm2. The spectrum, angular distribution, onset time, duration, and intensity of the Raman light were measured. In addition the electron density distribution was determined by holographic interferometry and images of the Raman emission were obtained. These data show that the Raman light is primarily backscattered and that scattering occurs at electron plasma densities 0.01 nc ≤n≤0.15nc. SRS occurred at laser intensities which are below theoretical thresholds, given the plasma conditions. Otherwise, most of the data support the present understanding of Raman scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: These experiments investigate events involved in triggering sugar accumulation in the cold in tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desirée. Sugar content, 14C-glucose metabolism, metabolite levels and activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and starch-degrading enzymes were followed after transfer to 4°C. (i) Net sucrose accumulation began between 2 and 4 d. By 10 d, reducing sugars were also increasing. From 20 d onwards, sugar accumulation slowed. Sucrose fell, but reducing sugars continued to increase. (ii) To measure unidirectional sucrose synthesis, U-[14C]glucose was injected into tubers after various times at 4°C. The tubers were then incubated for 6 h. After 1 d at 4°C, both the absolute and the relative (expressed as a percentage of the metabolized label) rates of sucrose synthesis decreased compared to those at 20°C. Between 2 and 4 d at 4°C, labelling of sucrose increased 3-fold, to over 60% of the metabolized label. This high rate was maintained for up to 50 d in cold storage. When tissue slices were incubated with 2.5 mol m−3 U-[14C]glucose, the rate of labelling of sucrose in slices from 6 d cold-stored material was higher than in slices from warm-stored material, irrespective of whether the incubation occurred at 4°C or at 20°C. (iii) Hexose-phosphates increased during the first day after transfer to 4°C. Their levels fell during the next 3 d, as sucrose synthesis increased. They then rose (until 20 d) and fell, in parallel with the rise and decline of sucrose levels. UDPglucose remained unaltered during the first 4 d, and then increased and decreased in parallel with sucrose. (iv) SPS activity assayed in optimal conditions and the total amount of SPS protein did not change. However, when assayed in the presence of phosphate and limiting substrate concentrations, activity rose 3–5-fold between 2 and 4 d. (v) Amylases and phosphorylases were investigated using zymograms to separate isoforms. Phosphorylases did not change. Between 2 and 4 d at 4°C, a new amylolytic activity appeared. (vi) Estimates of the specific activity of the phosphorylated intermediates and the absolute rate of sucrose synthesis (calculated from the 14C-labelling data and metabolite analysis) showed that changed kinetic properties of SPS and decreased levels of hexose-phosphate are accompanied by a 6–8-fold stimulation of sucrose synthesis. They also show that the final level of sugar is partly determined by a cycle of sugar synthesis and degradation. (vii) It is concluded that the onset of sugar accumulation in cold-stored tubers is initiated by a change in the kinetic properties of SPS and the appearance of a new amylolytic activity. It is discussed how other factors, including hexose-phosphate levels and subcellular compartmentalization, could also influence the final levels of sugars by altering the balance of sugar synthesis and remobilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Voltage-operated Ca2+ channels are heteromultimeric proteins. Their structural diversity is caused by several genes encoding homologous subunits and by alternative splicing of single transcripts. Isoforms of α1 subunits, which contain the ion conducting pore, have been deduced from each of the six cDNA sequences cloned so far from different species. The isoforms predicted for the α1E subunit are structurally related to the primary sequence of the amino terminus, the centre of the subunit (II–III loop), and the carboxy terminus. Mouse and human α1E transcripts have been analysed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and by sequencing of amplified fragments. For the II–III loop three different α1E cDNA fragments are amplified from mouse and human brain, showing that isoforms originally predicted from sequence alignment of different species are expressed in a single one. Both predicted α1E cDNA fragments of the carboxy terminus are identified in vivo. Two different α1E constructs, referring to the major structural difference in the carboxy terminus, were stably transfected in HEK293 cells. The biophysical properties of these cells were compared in order to evaluate the importance in vitro of the carboxy terminal insertion found in vivo. The wild-type α1E subunit showed properties, typical for a high-voltage activated Ca2+ channel. The deletion of 43 amino acid residues at the carboxy terminus does not cause significant differences in the current density and the basic biophysical properties. However, a functional difference is suggested, as in embryonic stem cells, differentiated in vitro to neuronal cells, the pattern of transcripts indicative for different α1E isoforms changes during development. In human cerebellum the longer α1E isoform is expressed predominantly. Although, it has not been possible to assign functional differences to the two α1E constructs tested in vitro, the expression pattern of the structurally related isoforms may have functional importance in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 29 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The biological behaviour of meningeal haemangiopericytomas was retrospectively studied using immunohistochemical staining with MIB1, a monoclonal antibody against the Ki-67 antigen, a nuclear protein related to cell proliferation. Paraffin-embedded material from 62 tumours from 40 patients were investigated. The proliferating compartment of the tumours was estimated by evaluating the MIB1 staining index, i.e. the percentage of MIB1 positive nuclei in at least 1000 counted tumour cells in representative areas. The staining index ranged from 1.24% to 39.01%. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between the staining index and recurrence-free survival (χ2 = 0.3922, P = 0.5311). Long-term observation (〉100 months), however, revealed a tendency to longer survival in the group with a staining index less than 5%. According to our results, the MIB1 staining index does not contribute to the accuracy of predicting the clinical outcome of meningeal haemangiopericytomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 25 (1986), S. 130-152 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Glass bead suspension ; glass fibre suspension ; viscoelastic suspending medium ; shear viscosity ; first normal-stress difference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The shear flow behaviour of glass bead and glass fibre suspensions was investigated. A Newtonian mineral oil and polyisobutene solutions with varying degrees of elasticity were used as suspending media. The aim was to determine the influence of the elasticity of the suspending medium on the rheological properties of the suspensions. The viscosities of the suspensions in mineral oil were found to be enhanced when the particle concentration was increased or the shape of the particles was made more anisotropic. The viscosities of the glass bead suspensions were always independent of shear rate, whereas the glass fibre suspensions showed shear thinning even at rather low concentrations, provided that the ratio of fibre length to fibre diameter was high. The fibre suspensions in mineral oil displayed pronounced first normal-stress differences in a cone-and-plate rheometer. However, these normal-stress differences did not result from elastic properties of these suspensions but rather from the orientation behaviour of the fibres. In viscoelastic polyisobutene solutions the glass bead suspensions showed constant relative viscosities, when these were defined as the ratio of the viscosities of the suspensions to those of the suspending medium at the same shear stress. Furthermore, the relative viscosities were the same as those obtained for equivalent suspensions of glass beads in mineral oil. The normal-stress behaviour of the viscoelastic glass bead suspensions indicated that the elastic properties were weakened as the filler concentration was increased. For the suspensions in dilute polyisobutene solutions this reduction was to some extent masked by shear hardening. For concentrated polyisobutene solutions containing glass fibres, the relative viscosities were not constant even for very low fibre concentrations. At low shear stresses they agreed with those for corresponding suspensions in mineral oil but decreased as the shear stress was raised. Adding fibres to the polyisobutene solutions always resulted in an increase in the first normal-stress difference. This increase was however smaller than for fibre suspensions in mineral oil and moreover diminished at higher shear rates. These phenomena could be explained in terms of the influence of the elastic properties of the suspending medium on the orientation behaviour of the fibres.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Fließverhalten von Glaskugel- und Glasfasersuspensionen in der Scherströmung. Dabei wird insbesondere der Einfluß der Elastizität des Suspensionsmittels auf die rheologischen Eigenschaften der Suspensionen untersucht, indem zum einen ein newtonsches Mineralöl, zum anderen verschieden konzentrierte Polyisobutenlösungen als Trägermedien eingesetzt werden, die sich hinsichtlich ihres viskosen und elastischen Verhaltens in charakteristischer Weise unterscheiden. Für Glaskugel- und Glasfasersuspensionen in Mineralöl werden mit der Feststoffkonzentration sowie der Formanisotropie der suspendierten Partikel ansteigende Viskositäten ermittelt. Während sich bei Glaskugelsuspensionen durchweg von der Scherbeanspruchung unabhängige Viskositäten ergeben, zeigen die Glasfasersuspensionen bei höheren Feststoffgehalten und größeren Längen-zu-Durchmesser-Verhältnissen der Fasern in zunehmendem Maße Scherentzähung. Für die Glasfasersuspensionen mit newtonschen Trägermedien werden in der Kegel-Platte-Strömung ausgeprägte erste Normalspannungsdifferenzen beobachtet, die aber nicht eine Auswirkung elastischer Eigenschaften darstellen, sondern deren Ursache im Orientierungsverhalten der Glasfasern zu suchen ist. Glaskugelsuspensionen in viskoelastischen Polyisobutenlösungen weisen konstante relative Viskositäten auf, wenn diese als Verhältnis der Viskositäten der Suspensionen und der Suspensionsmittel bei gleicher Schubspannung definiert werden. Die so erhaltenen Werte der relativen Viskositäten stimmen mit denen gleichkonzentrierter Suspensionen in Mineralöl überein. Im Normalspannungsverhalten zeigt sich eine durch den Füllstoff verursachte Reduzierung der elastischen Eigenschaften, die jedoch bei den Suspensionen in verdünnten Polyisobutenlösungen durch ein verändertes Verfestigungsverhalten zum Teil überdeckt wird. Bei Glasfasersuspensionen in konzentrierten Polyisobutenlösungen ergeben sich mit der Schubspannung abnehmende relative Viskositäten, wobei die für geringe Beanspruchungen ermittelten Werte mit denen entsprechender Suspensionen in Mineralöl übereinstimmen. Für die viskoelastischen Glasfasersuspensionen wird durchweg eine Erhöhung der ersten Normalspannungsdifferenz durch die Fasern festgestellt. Allerdings fällt diese Erhöhung geringer aus als bei den Suspensionen in Mineralöl und nimmt darüber hinaus mit wachsender Beanspruchung ab. Diese Phänomene lassen sich mit Einflüssen der elastischen Eigenschaften des Suspensionsmittels auf das Orientierungsverhalten der Glasfasern erklären.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 37 (1959), S. 1175-1181 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei 33 Gesunden bzw. Patienten mit Wasserretention bcträgt — auch nach 24stündigem Dursten — der ADH-Plasmaspiegel 〈10µE/1/2ml. 2. Der ADH-Plasmaspiegel übersteigt wahrscheinlich unter normalen und pathologischen Bedingungen 1µE/ml nicht wesentlich. Es gibt kein Nachweisverfahren, welches empfindlich genug ist, um Werte dieser Größenordnung und insbesondere Schwankungen in diesem Bereich sicher zu erfassen. 3. ADH wird im Plasma selbst nicht abgebaut, die Elimination aus dem Blut erfolgt wahrscheinlich vorwiegend durch die Nieren und im Splanchnicusgefäßgebiet. 4. Das Verhalten der ADH-Plasmaspiegelkurve nach intravenöser Injektion am Menschen macht es wahrscheinlich, daß neben der Verteilung im Plasma auch Diffusion in den extravasalen extracellulären Raum erfolgt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 187 (1955), S. 65-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einleitend wird der Weg aufgezeigt, der historisch zur Heraushebung des besonderen Zelltyps geführt hat, den man seit Hofbauer mit dessen Namen belegt. Danach wird auf die histologische Technik eingegangen, wobei für das Studium der Hofbauerzellen die Vorzüge des Häutchenpräparats, die Verwendung von Vitalfarbstoffen sogar am fixierten Objekt und das durchgängig histologische Arbeiten im wäßrigen Milieu, selbst bis zum Eindecken in Karion (Merck) zur Vermeidung von Schrumpfungen, hervorgehoben werden. Es folgt eine eingehende Charakterisierung der sog. „Hofbauerzellen“. Sie kommen in 2 Formen vor: 1. als Ruheform (Abb. 1–3); 2. als Wanderform (Abb. 4a–c). Die „Hofbauerzellen“ werden auf Grund ihres Vorkommens und ihrer Morphologie — Auftreten in 2 Formen, stark vacuolisiertes und granuliertes Plasma, Einzellagerung — als Gewebsmakrophagen bzw. Histiocyten betrachtet. Diese Gewebsmakrophagen waren bisher nur in placentaren Chorionzotten beschrieben. Sie wurden von uns nunmehr auch imAmnion und imsubcutanen Bindegewebe des jeweilig zugehörigenEmbryo (Abb. 6) nachgewiesen. Ihre Abgrenzung gegen in Entwicklung befindliche Fettzellen wird vorgenommen. Vom morphologischen Standpunkt aus wird bezweifelt, daß die „Hofbauerzellen“ endokrine Funktion hätten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 189 (1957), S. 355-358 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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