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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multimodal impurity redistribution and nanocluster formation in Ge implanted silicon dioxide films (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 3215-3217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The depth distribution of Ge implanted into thermally grown SiO2 films has been studied after annealing using transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction. At annealing temperatures above 900 °C a significant redistribution of the as-implanted Ge profile was found. Crystalline Ge nanoclusters embedded in the SiO2 matrix are formed within a cluster band with well defined boundaries. The evolution of nanoclusters can be explained qualitatively by a model based on nucleation, growth and Ostwald ripening of Ge precipitates. Besides, chemical and interface reactions lead to the formation of additional Ge peaks near the surface and at the Si/SiO2 interface. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120294
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-selective control for vibrational excitation and dissociation of diatomic molecules with shaped ultrashort infrared laser pulses (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 1862-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ultrafast state-selective dynamics of diatomic molecules in the electronic ground state under the control of infrared picosecond and femtosecond shaped laser pulses is investigated for the discrete vibrational bound states and for the dissociative continuum states. Quantum dynamics in a classical laser field is simulated for a one-dimensional nonrotating dissociative Morse oscillator, representing the local OH bond in the H2O and HOD molecules. Computer simulations are based on two approaches — exact treatment by the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and approximate treatment by integro-differential equations for the probability amplitudes of the bound states only. Combination of these two approaches is useful to reveal mechanisms underlying selective excitation of the continuum states and above-threshold dissociation in a single electronic state and for designing optimal laser fields to control selective preparation of the high-lying bound states and the continuum states. Optimal laser fields can be designed to yield almost 100% selective preparation of any prescribed bound state, including those close to the dissociation threshold. State-selective preparation of the highest bound state may be accompanied by the appearance of a quasi-bound molecular state in the continuum with the kinetic energy of the fragments being close to zero. The respective above-threshold dissociation spectrum contains an additional, zero-order peak. The laser-induced dissociation from selectively prepared high-lying bound states is shown to be very efficient, with the dissociation probability approaching the maximal value. Flexible tools of state-selective laser control are developed which enable one to achieve selective control of the dissociation spectra resulting in time-selective and space-selective control of the dissociation fragments. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472058
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunophenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Haemopoietic Cells from Human Cord Blood (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cord blood (CB) as a new source for bone marrow transplantation represents advantageous features concerning stem cell and leucocyte compartments and function. We attempted to get more information about the phenotypes and function of CB cells by investigating their cell surface markers and also the production of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-6 by mitogen and alloantigen stimulation. The CB cells were characterized by a low proportion of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T subpopulation, activated T cells and CD3+ CD16/CD56+ cytotoxic cells, suggesting reduced graft versus host potential. The significant increase of CD19/CD3 double positive cells and decrease of CD19/HLA-DR double positive mature B cells reflect that immature B cells exist in CB. In the functional studies, a 27- and 5-fold reduction was observed in the production of IFN-γ by CB cells stimulated with PHA and allogeneic cells, respectively. The production of IL-2 in PHA-stimulated CB cells also showed a 50% determination. Decrease in the production of these cytokines by CB cells is supported by the decline of the proportion of CD3+ T cells. However, an increase was observed in the production of IL-6 by CB cells stimulated with allogeneic cells as compared with the controls. These results suggest a difference in the functional activity of the T helper cell subsets between the CB and peripheral blood and/or differences in the functional maturity of T helper cell subsets and B cells in these compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03685.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformation of [ring-U-14C]atrazine to dealkylated and hydroxylated metabolites in cell-suspension cultures (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 37 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The biconversion of [14C]atrazine to deaikyt-ated and hydroxylated products was studied in heteroirophic cell-suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus caroia L.), Agrostemma githago L. (corn cockle). Digitalis purpurea L. (purple foxglove), soyabean (Giycine max L. Merr; four different cultivars). Datura stramonium L. (thorn-apple) and wheat (Tritician aestivum L.). During 48 h of incubation, the herbicide was biotransformed by all species; turnovers yields differed considerably and were between 10.1% and 88.0% of applied 14C. Differences were also observed among the soyabean cultivars (10.1-73.5%). Hydroxy-atrazine, de-ethyl-, deisopropyl- and de-ethyt-deisopropylatrazine formed in the cultures were identified by thin-layer chromatography (tlc) (co-chromatography with reference compounds); deaikyiated metabolites were also proved by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (gc–ms). In addition, highly polar transformation products emerged that were not identified. Portions of non-extractable residues were below 5% (one soyabean cultivar: 8.9%). Atrazine was metabolized by the cells, mainly to its dealkylated derivatives and hydroxyatrazine (totals of 9.4-54, 5%), whereas portions of highly polar products were lower (0.1-26.1%). Exceptions were A. githago (26.0 and 33.6%, respectively) and D, purpurea (4.5 and 25.2% respectively). Thus, plants generally contribute to the environmental degradation of atrazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.1997.d01-71.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The severity of clinical symptoms in ragweed-allergic patients is related to the extent of ragweed-induced complement activation in their sera (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously reported a correlation between the extent of ragweed allergen (RWA)-induced in vitro serum complement activation and the symptom scores registered daily during the ragweed (RW)-blooming season in RW-allergic patients. The present study was performed in 22 15–17-year-old RW-allergic adolescents. Serum samples were incubated with 100μ/ml RWA, and the generation of different complement activation products was measured by ELISA or RIA. Symptom scores were registered for 4 weeks during the RW-blooming season. The patients were divided according to the extent (low or high) of the generation of complement activation products, and symptom scores registered in the two groups were compared by two-way ANOVA. Significantly higher symptom scores were obtained in the high than in the low complement activation group (P values: 0.049 for C1rC1sC1inh, 0.022 for CSbBbP, 0.015 for C5b-9, 0.0001 for C3a, and 0.0008 for C5a). Similar results were obtained at the measurement performed in the sera obtained from the same patients half a year before the season (P values: 0.022 for C3bBbP, and 0.005 for C5b-9). These findings indicate that complement activation induced by the allergen may enhance the clinical symptoms of RW allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb00184.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant micronutrients and gastric cancer (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1998.00006.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors: current status (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 355-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Proto-oncogenes ; Tumor suppressor genes ; Testicular neoplasms ; Differentiation ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Changes in proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes at the molecular level are associated with the development and progression of testicular GCTs (Fig. 3). Investigations at this level, however, are only in their initial stages, and therefore the overall genetic changes which lead to the development of a metastasizing tumor are not known. Investigations show however, that undifferentiated GCTs (seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, chorionepithelioma) display molecular changes that are different from those of differentiated GCTs (teratocarcinoma, mixed tumors). In undifferentiated GCTs the following changes have been demonstrated: an increased expression of the proto-oncogenes c-kit, N-myc, c-myc, and c-mos; mutations in N-ras; missing expression in the RB tumor-suppressor gene; and a general hypomethylation of the DNA. These events possibly lead to a blockade of the differentiation process, and these GCTs may therefore correspond to an earlier stage of embryogenesis. These changes, on the other hand, do not occur in GCTs with differentiated tissue parts. The conspicuous expression of the c-erbB1 and c-erbB2 proto-oncogenes and also that of the RB tumor-suppressor gene is clearly associated in these tumors with differentiation. Important events in the formation or progression of teratocarcinoma and of the partly differentiated nonseminoma are, moreover, a generally lower number of copies of chromosome 15, a possible LOH at the nm23 locus, and hypermethylation, which may result in a switching off of particular genes. How the above molecular changes actually provide a clinically relevant supplement to the traditional classification of GCTs must be demonstrated by further investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192887
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langfristige Prognose von Kindern nach einem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma mit guter Erholung nach der Glasgow-Outcome-Skala (1997)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ; Glasgow-Outcome-Skala ; Langzeitfolgeschäden ; Neuropsychologische Untersuchung ; Key words Head trauma ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Neuropsychological tests ; Long-term follow up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary What is the significance of a “good outcome” according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in children after brain injury? Methods: Criteria for selection included age from 6 to 15 years at the time of testing, a follow-up interval of at least 12 months from the date of accident, head injury and an initial CT scan; furthermore the patient had to show a “good recovery” according to GOS at the time of follow-up. Neurological examination, child behaviour and neuropsychological testing were done. Test results of 104 patients were compared to a matched control group. Results: 20 % of all children after head injury exhibited discrete neurological deficits (soft-signs), and 28 % of them behavioral disorders. Children after moderate and severe brain injury performed at normal levels with reference to standardized intellectual norms, but they showed impairements when compared with their matched controls. There was no uniform pattern of cognitive and motor deficits, but the severity of the head injury determined the deficits. Some children who appeared neurologically well had significant deficits with regard to motor and speech abilities compared to age-matched controls. Children who had slight neurologic deficits also did poor in all other tests. Conclusion: Our findings have shown that children with so called good recovery after classification of Glasgow Outcome Scale demonstrated impairments when compared to controls.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Lassen sich bei Kindern nach einem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, die eine gute Erholung nach den Kriterien der Glasgow-Outcome-Skala aufweisen, noch Folgeschäden des Unfalls nachweisen? Methode: Aufgenommen in die Untersuchung wurden Kinder, bei denen in der akuten Phase nach dem Unfall wegen klinischer Symptome eine kraniale Computertomographie notwendig wurde. Das Unfallereignis der Kinder mußte mindestens 1 Jahr zurückliegen. Zum Zeitpunkt der Nachuntersuchung mußten die Kinder eine sog. gute Erholung nach den Kriterien der Glasgow-Outcome-Skala aufweisen. 104 von 115 (91 %) verletzten Kindern wurden nachuntersucht und deren Fähigkeiten wurden mit gesunden Kontrollkindern verglichen. Bei allen Kindern wurde eine neurologische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von diskreten neurologischen Defiziten, eine Befragung auf kinderpsychiatrische Auffälligkeiten und eine neuropsychologische Testung durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: 20 % der Kinder, die ein Trauma erlitten hatten, wiesen diskrete neurologische und 28 % kinderpsychiatrische Auffälligkeiten auf. Kinder mit diskreten neurologischen Defiziten waren in 53 % kinderpsychiatrisch auffällig. Die Patienten zeigten Testergebnisse, die sich aber signifikant von der parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe unterschieden. Ein einheitliches Profil von kognitiven oder motorischen Ausfällen konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Es ergaben sich Abhängigkeiten zwischen der Traumaschwere und den motorischen und kognitiven Testergebnissen. Schlußfolgerung: Auch bei neurologisch unauffälligen Kindern mit einer sog. guten Erholung nach einem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma wurden Folgeschäden in den kognitiven und motorischen Leistungsvariablen nachgewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050147
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential diagnosis of postoperative liver failure in a 12-year-old child (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 109 (1996), S. 210-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Fulminant hepatic dystrophy ; Paracetamol intoxication ; Enflurane anesthesia ; Hepatitis G virus infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The case of a 12-year-old child who died of fulminant hepatic failure a few days after tonsillectomy is reported. Histological examination revealed large areas of massive centrilobular hepatic necrosis. Hepatotoxity of postoperatively administered paracetamol in high dosages combined with enflurane exposure is discussed as a cause for the hepatic failure. The fulminant clinical course could have been influenced by an infection with hepatitis G virus which was detected in liver tissue by in situ hybridisation and was probably transmitted via transfusion of blood plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225520
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sacrococcygeal teratoma: clinical course and prognosis with a special view to long-term functional results (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 573-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Sacrococcygeal teratoma ; Prognosis ; Functional impairment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From 1976 to 1995, 23 children, 4 boys and 19 girls, were treated at our department for sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT). Their records were analyzed retrospectively, considering age at operation, histopathology, recurrences, and long-term evolution. One died on the 1st day of life following tumor rupture with hemorrhagic shock without surgical intervention. All others were operated upon at a mean age of 4.2 days for those 19 (=82%) who were diagnosed in the neonatal period and whose histology proved benign. In the remaining 3 children, in whom tumor manifestation did not occur before 11 months, 13 months, and 10 years of age, respectively, histopathologic evaluation revealed 2 carcinomas and 1 yolk-sac tumor, and all 3 recurred. Overall, 5 patients died, the 1 mentioned above, 1 due to volvulus after laparotomy, and 1 from multiple associated congenital malformations. Two deaths were related to malignancy, whereby only 1 was a malignant teratoma diagnosed at the original operation. Eight children had recurrences, 2 were benign and 6 malignant, with 3 of the latter having been graded benign on histology of the primary tumor. Of the 18 surviving patients, 17 (93.5%) returned for clinical review following a standardized protocol. The average interval from the primary surgery was 12.3 years (range 3.5–22 years). Four had malignant tumors with a recurrence-free period of from 9 to 14 years; 5 (29.4%) had urinary or anorectal functional impairment. One child with a patulous anus presented with fecal soiling. Two reported nocturnal enuresis, 1 associated with perineal anesthesia. One had a neurogenic bladder with overflow voiding and bilateral third-degree vesicoureteral reflux. Second-degree reflux was found in the last patient. We conclude that follow-up after surgery for SCT should not only search for tumor recurrence but include the diagnosis and treatment of possible secondary urinary and/or fecal incontinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050675
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