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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 180 (1985), S. 357-368 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Lebensmittelbestrahlung ist auch in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland durch Anträge auf Ausnahmegenehmigungen für die versuchsweise Bestrahlung von Gewürzen wieder aktuell geworden. Nachdem die Frage nach der gesundheitlichen Unbedenklichkeit bis zu einer die Pasteurisierung einschließenden Dosis geklärt ist, steht mit der Bestrahlung eine Methode zur Verfügung, die vor allem für die Desinfestation von Früchten, die Dekontamination von gefrorenen Produkten und die Hygienisierung von trockenen Lebensmitteln interessant ist. Zur gesetzlichen Regelung dieses Verfahrens sind von Codex Alimentarius Standards entwickelt worden, die sich auch mit Kontrolle und Dosimetrie befassen, und die in die nationalen Gesetzgebungen übernommen werden sollten. Die meisten der bisherigen Zulassungen auch im Bereich der E.G. machen hiervon allerdings noch keinen Gebrauch. Was die industrielle Anwendung betrifft, so ist die Bestrahlungstechnik erprobt; verschiedene industrielle Lebensmittelbestrahlungsanlagen in unterschiedlichen Ländern sind bereits in Betrieb und in begrenztem Umfang kann vor allem im Bereich der E.G. auf vorhandene Lohnbestrahlungsanlagen zurückgegriffen werden. Über die zu erwartende Reaktion des Verbrauchers besteht noch weitgehend Unklarheit; eine Kennzeichnung der bestrahlten Produkte wird es ihm ermöglichen, selbst über den Konsum bestrahlter Lebensmittel zu entscheiden.
    Notes: Summary Food irradiation has become a matter of topical interest also in the Federal Republic of Germany following applications for exemptions concerning irradiation tests of spices. After risks to human health by irradiation doses up to a level sufficient for product pasteurization were excluded, irradiation now offers a method suitable primarily for the disinfestation of fruit and decontamination of frozen and dried food. Codex Alimentarius standards which refer also to supervision and dosimetry have been established; they should be adopted as national law. However, in the majority of cases where individual countries including EC member-countries so far permitted food irradiation, these standards were not yet used. Approved irradiation technique for industrial use is available. Several industrial food irradiation plants, partly working also on a contractual basis, are already in operation in various countries. Consumer response still is largely unknown; since irradiated food is labelled, consumption of irradiated food will be decided upon by consumers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus ; Bowel disease ; CT ; AIDS ; Cytomegalovirus ; Colitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Intestinal symptoms affect most AIDS patients at some point in their disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of CT in this setting. A total of 339 abdominal CT exams were reviewed for signs of intestinal disease. Abdominal CT scans of 45 patients with intestinal symptoms were compared with colonoscopy and histologic data. The CT results were correlated with CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts and patient survival. More than 14 % of all abdominal CT exams displayed signs of enteric disease. Of the 45 patients studied with both CT and colonoscopy, 35 (78 %) had signs of intestinal disease by CT. Of these 35 patients, colonoscopic signs of an intestinal lesion were found in 29 and histologic proof of disease was established in 30 cases. Colonoscopy and histology detected 8 lesions missed by CT. There were 14 cases of unspecific colitis, 15 cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis, and 4 cases of enteric tuberculosis as per biopsy. Five patients presented with Kaposi's sarcoma and 1 with a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Neither colonoscopic nor CT signs of intestinal disease did reliably distinguish between histologic subgroups. Specifically, CMV colitis could not be distinguished from unspecific colitis. CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts for histologic subgroups were not significantly different, either. No colonoscopic or histologic feature predicted survival, whereas low CD4 counts and ascites on CT indicated a poor prognosis. Whereas CT detects signs of intestinal disease in most AIDS patients, these signs remain largely unspecific. Colonoscopy and biopsies provide no consistently valid standard with which to compare CT because of controversial sensitivity and specificity of these methods. The CT technique detects small bowel as well as extraintestinal disease. Therefore, CT is an important diagnostic modality in abdominal disease of immunocompromised patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Anticardiolipin Antibodies ; Monitoring Disease Activity ; Rheumatic Diseases ; SLE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies in active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was compared with that in inactive SLE and other rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases to determine the value of these autoantibodies in monitoring rheumatic diseases. Pairs of IgG- and IgM-aCL were measured by ELISA in 173 consecutive hospitalised patients, including 141 with rheumatic diseases (18 active SLE, 21 inactive SLE, 19 rheumatoid arthritis, 13 reactive arthritis, 7 other spondyloarthropathies, 16 vasculitis, 47 other autoimmune diseases) and 32 non-rheumatic controls. A further 101 aCL pairs were determined during follow-up in 19 patients with SLE. Serum concentrations were analysed with respect to SLE activity and compared between the different patient groups. IgG- and IgM-aCL levels in excess of 10 GPL and 9 MPL respectively were considered positive. 30.6% of all patients (53/173) were found to be positive for IgG-aCL, as against only 9.8% (17/173) for IgM-aCL. IgG-aCL serum levels in active SLE differed significantly from all other groups, including inactive SLE (all p〈0.005). Median IgM-aCL levels were below the cut off point in all groups, although measurable values were obtained almost exclusively in active SLE and RA. In this study IgM-aCL measurement was of less value in monitoring rheumatic diseases. IgG-aCL positivity in SLE was associated with a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for active disease (OR 16.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.8–90.0). The results show that disease activity in SLE was accompanied by significantly increased IgG-aCL, whereas no elevation was found in other diseases. This parameter may therefore be useful in monitoring SLE activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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