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The hydridation and nitridation of GeSi oxide annealed in ammonia (1995)

Liu, W. S. ; Nicolet, M.-A. ; Park, H.-H. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2631-2634

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: A 110-nm-thick Ge0.38Si0.62O2 film on Ge0.38Si0.62 was annealed in NH3 at 700 °C for 4 h and analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy, backscattering spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and secondary-ion mass spectrometry. In the surface region of the oxide film, this annealing results in an incorporation of nitrogen bonded to germanium by the nitridation of GeO2. In the bottom region of the oxide film near the GeSi/oxide interface, elemental Ge appears. We attribute this process to the hydridation of GeO2 with hydrogen that comes from dissociated ammonia. Results obtained at 800 °C for a 380-nm-thick oxide film are similar. A model is proposed to explain the observed changes of the oxide after the ammonia annealing. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360123

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Morphology and histology of the swimbladder and infrastructure of respiratory epithelium in the air-breathing catfish, Pangasius sutchi (Pangasiidae) (1988)

Zheng, W. B. ; Liu, W. S.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 33 (1988), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The swimbladder of Pangasius sutchi is made up of fibrosa, collagenic fibre walls and mucosa; its walls extend into the lumen to form dense respiratory alveoli, with the inner surface covered by a highly vascularized respiratory epithelium. The thin epithelial cells have the structural characteristics and function of type I and type II cells of lung alveoli in higher mammals. These cells and the endothelial cells compose the barrier through which gases must pass in the exchange between blood and air. The study shows that the swimbladder of P. sutchi is an important accessory respiratory organ.