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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Harmaline tremor ; Cerebellum ; Inferior olive ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Purkinje cells were recorded extracellularly and mapped in the cerebellar cortex of the rat under tremogenic doses of harmaline. Four différent types of responses were encountered, of which two were considered as being responsible for the harmaline tremor. The latter had a regular firing pattern of complex spikes at 5 to 10 Hz and were mostly found in the vermis. Their number decreased in the more lateral region of the cerebellar cortex until they eventually disappeared. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into all the areas of the cerebellar cortex containing Purkinje cells with harmaline-induced activity. Labeled neurons were in all cases traced to the medial accessory olive. The metabolic activity of the inferior olive under harmaline was measured with 2-deoxyglucose. Increased labeling was only found in the medial accessory olive. Such an increase was demonstrated as being due to a direct effect of the drug on the inferior olivary neurons, indicating that the medial accessory olive is responsible for the harmaline tremor in the rat. Our results point out that, in the rat, there is an inverse relationship between serotoninergic innervation of a region in the inferior olivary nucleus and that with harmaline sensitivity, therefore a serotoninergic mechanism hypothesis for the harmaline tremor needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Fastigial nucleus, [14C]-2-deoxyglucose ; Unit activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cerebellar output function was studied using cerebellopetal proprioceptive stimulation hich produces simple and complex excitatory discharges as well as inhibitory activity in the Purkinje cells. The activity of the intracerebellar nuclei (and of the entire brain stem) was measured by the energy consumption as revealed with the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose method. The stimulations consisted of repetitive (1–20 c/s) electrical excitation of the nerve leading to the inferior oblique, to the masseteric and to the gastrocnemius soleus muscle. Compared to a group of non-stimulated controls, heavy bilateral labeling was obtained in the posterior pole of the fastigial nucleus. This was not observed with stimulation of the vibrissal pad which, however, produced a clear increase of [14C]-2-deoxy glucose uptake in the secondary trigeminal complex. Labeling of the posterior part of the fastigial nuclei was suppressed by ablation or pharmacologic inactivation of the overlying cerebellar cortex which suppresses the inhibitory activity of the Purkinje cells into the nuclear cells. Labeling of the posterior fastigial nuclei was also decreased in animals not stimulated but with ablation or pharmacologic inactivation of the overlying cerebellar ortex. The hypothesis proposed is that the marking results are the consequence of an increased activity in the Purkinje cell terminals. The activity of the Purkinje cells was also recorded extracellulary both before and during repetitive stimulation of a muscle nerve. The discharge activity of those in the cerebellar vermis and giving axons to the posterior fastigial nucleus was increased by the stimulation, whereas the activity of those of the hemispheral parts remained unchanged. Units in the fastigial nucleus were also recorded. Their activity was found to be deeply depressed so that only a few units were encountered and no further decrease of their discharge could be detected with the stimulation of a muscle nerve. Nevertheless, using the present data and those previously obtained, the conclusion is advanced that the cerebellar output function is actually decreased during afferent cerebellar stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Vapor Deposition 2 (1996), S. 33-35 
    ISSN: 0948-1907
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1092-1093 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 19 (1981), S. 326-326 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 29 (1995), S. 211-226 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: antioxidants ; phototoxins ; glutathione ; lipid peroxidation ; detoxification ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plants of the Asteraceae and Hypericaceae possess secondary compounds that induce photooxidation in insect herbivores that consume them. One of the well-established modes of action of these substances is peroxidation of membrane lipids. Some herbivores counteract these defences by avoidance of light and tissues rich in phototoxins or the ability to detoxify these secondary substances. The cytochrome P-450 polysubstrate monooxygenase systems involved, the metabolic products, and a new putative toxin pump have been described. Dietary antioxidants (β-carotene, vitamin E, ascorbate) are additional defences against phototoxicity. They reduce mortality in herbivores exposed to phototoxins and some specialist herbivores have high constitutive levels. Adapted specialist insects also have higher constitutive levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and respond to phototoxins in their diet by the induction of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Artificial inhibition of the enzymes SOD and CAT had little effect on phototoxicity but inhibition of GSH synthesis in herbivores enhanced photooxidative effects of administered phototoxins on lipid peroxidation. While insects have many mechanisms to overcome plant photooxidants, the Asteraceae appear to have adopted a strategy of counterattack. We suggest and provide preliminary evidence that a second group of secondary substances, the sesquiterpene lactones, occurring in the Asteraceae can attack key antioxidant defences to synergise phototoxins. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 19 (1981), S. 520-520 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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