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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (2)
  • Mendelian population  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 34 (1996), S. 533-555 
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Key words: Frequency dependent selection ; ESS ; Nash equilibrium ; Game dynamics ; Mendelian population ; Multilocus model ; External stability ; Phenotypic stability ; Optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  Game theoretical concepts in evolutionary biology have been criticized by populations geneticists, because they neglect such crucial aspects as the mating system or the mode of inheritance. In fact, the dynamics of natural selection does not necessarily lead to a fitness maximum or an ESS if genetic constraints are taken into account. Yet, it may be premature to conclude that game theoretical concepts do not have a dynamical justification. The new paradigm of long-term evolution postulates that genetic constraints, which may be dominant in a short-term perspective, will in the long run disappear in the face of the ongoing influx of mutations. Two basic results (see Hammerstein; this issue) seem to reconcile the dynamical approach of long-term population genetics with the static approach of evolutionary game theory: (1) only populations at local fitness optima (Nash strategies) can be long-term stable; and (2) in monomorphic populations, evolutionary stability is necessary and sufficient to ensure long-term dynamic stability. The present paper has a double purpose. On the one hand, it is demonstrated by fairly general arguments that the scope of the results mentioned above extends to non-linear frequency dependent selection, to multiple loci, and to quite general mating systems. On the other hand, some limitations of the theory of long-term evolution will also be stressed: (1) there is little hope for a game theoretical characterization of stability in polymorphic populations; (2) many interesting systems do not admit long-term stable equilibria; and (3) even if a long-term stable equilibrium exists, it is not at all clear whether and how it is attainable by a series of gene substitution events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 34 (1996), S. 533-555 
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Frequency dependent selection ; ESS ; Nash equilibrium ; Game dynamics ; Mendelian population ; Multilocus model ; External stability ; Phenotypic stability ; Optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Game theoretical concepts in evolutionary biology have been criticized by populations geneticists, because they neglect such crucial aspects as the mating system or the mode of inheritance. In fact, the dynamics of natural selection does not necessarily lead to a fitness maximum or an ESS if genetic constraints are taken into account. Yet, it may be premature to conclude that game theoretical concepts do not have a dynamical justification. The new paradigm of long-term evolution postulates that genetic constraints, which may be dominant in a short-term perspective, will in the long run disappera in the face of the ongoing influx of mutations. Two basic results (see Hammerstein; this issue) seem to reconcile the dynamical approach of long-term population genetics with the static approach of evolutionary game theory: (1) only populations at local fitness optima (Nash strategies) can be long-term stable; and (2) in monomorphic populations, evolutionary stability is necessary and sufficient to ensure long-term dynamic stability. The present paper has a double purpose. On the one hand, it is demonstrated by fairly general arguments that the scope of the results mentioned above extends to non-linear frequency dependent selection, to multiple loci, and to quite general mating systems. On the other hand, some limitations of the theory of long-term evolution will also be stressed: (1) there is little hope for a game theoretical characterization of stability in polymorphic populations; (2) many interesting systems do not admit long-term stable equilibria; and (3) even if a long-term stable equilibrium exists, it is not at all clear whether and how it is attainable by a series of gene substition events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 1010-1019 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Carbyne Complexes, LII. (Tricarbonylchromium)-η6-phenyl as Substituent in Carbene- and Carbyne Complexes of the VI. SubgroupThe reaction of tricarbonyl(η6-phenyllithium)chromium with the metalhexacarbonyls of the VI. subgroup and subsequent alkylation by triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate yields pentacarbonyl-{ethoxy[(tricarbonylchromium)-η6-phenyl]carbene} complexes of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten (1 - 3). 1 and 3 react with boron trihalides BX3 (X = Cl, Br) by cleavage of the ethoxy group to form trans-tetracarbonylhalogeno[(tricarbonylchromium)-η6-phenylcarbyne]metal complexes 4 - 7. Properties, spectroscopic results, and the X-ray structure analysis of 6 are discussed.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Tricarbonyl(η6-phenyllithium)chrom mit den Metallhexacarbonylen der VI. Nebengruppe und anschließende Alkylierung mittels Triethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat führt zu Pentacarbonyl{ethoxy[(tricarbonylchrom)-η6-phenyl]carben}-Verbindungen des Chroms, Molybdäns und Wolframs (1 - 3). 1 und 3 reagieren mit den Bortrihalogeniden BX3 (X = Cl, Br) unter Abspaltung der Ethoxygruppe zu den trans-Tetracarbonylhalogeno[(tricarbonylchrom)-η6-phenylcarbin]metall-Komplexen 4 - 7. Eigenschaften und spektroskopische Ergebnisse sowie die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 6 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Metal and Metalloid Compounds with Polyfunctional Molecules, XXXIII. The Reaction of Propargylamines and N-Organyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)propargylamines with Boron-Halogen and Boron-Sulfur CompoundsThe N-organyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)propargylamines 1-5 are obtained from N-organylpropargylamines with chlorotrimethylsilane and triethylamine. The reaction of 1-5 with halogenoboranes, organylhalogenoboranes, or methylbis(methylthio)borane leads to the (organylpropargylamino)boranes 6-13. On the other hand, in the reaction of N-organylpropargylamines with halogenoboranes the C≡C triple bond inserts into the halogen-boron bond and yields the 1-azonia-2-borata-3-cyclopentene system 14-19 by intramolecular coordination. N-Organyl-N(trimethylsilyl)propargylamines react with bromodimethylborane in the molar ratio 1:2 under elimination of trimethylborane to give the 1-aza-2-bora-3-cyclopentene ring system 20-24. In the reaction of N-organyldipropargylamines with halogenoboranes both C≡C triple bonds insert into boronhalogen bonds to form the 1-azonia-5-boratabicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3,6-diene system 25-38. Tripropargylamine reacts with trichloro- and tribromoborane under three-fold insertion and intramolecular coordination to yield the 3,7,10-trihalogeno-1-azonia-5-boratatricyclo[3.3.3.01,5]undeca-3,6,10-trienes 39 and 40. For 39 the X-ray structure is reported.
    Notes: N-Organyl-N-(trimethylsily)propargylamine (1-5) werden aus N-Organylpropargylaminen mit Chlortrimethylsilan unter Zusatz von Triethylamin dargestellt. Die Reaktion von 1-5 mit Halogenboranen, Organylhalogenboranen bzw. Methylbis(methylthio)boran führt zu den entsprechenden (Organylpropargylamino)-boranen 6-13. Bei der Umsetzung der nicht silylierten N-Organylpropargylamine mit Halogenboranen erfolgt dagegen Einschiebung der C≡C-Dreifachbindung in die Halogen-Bor-Bindung und intramolekulare Koordination zum 1-Azonia-2-borata-3-cyclopenten-System 14-19. N-Organyl-N-(trimethylsily)propargylamine reagieren mit Bromdimethylboran im Molverhältnis 1:2 unter Abspaltung von Trimethylboran zum 1-Aza-2-bora-3-cyclopenten-Ring 20-24. Bei der Umsetzung von N-Organyldipropargylaminen mit Halogenboranen erfolgt Einschiebung der beiden C≡C-Dreifachbindungen in zwei Bor-Halogenbindungen wobei das 1-Azonia-5-boratabicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3,6-dien-Ringsystem 25-38 entsteht. Tripropargylamin reagiert mit Trichlor- bzw. Tribromboran unter dreifacher Einschiebung und intramolekularer Koordination zum 3,7,10-Trihalogen-1-azonia-5-boratatricyclo[3.3.3.01,5]undeca-3,6,10-trien-System 39 und 40. Für 39 wird die Röntgenstruktur mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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