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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic-scale formation of ultrasmooth surfaces on sapphire substrates for high-quality thin-film fabrication (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2615-2617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The atomically ultrasmooth surfaces with atomic steps of sapphire substrates were obtained by annealing in air at temperatures between 1000 and 1400 °C. The terrace width and atomic step height of the ultrasmooth surfaces were controlled on an atomic scale by changing the annealing conditions and the crystallographic surface of substrates. The obtained ultrasmooth surface was stable in air. The topmost atomic structure of the terrace was examined quantitatively by atomic force microscopy and ion scattering spectroscopy as well as a theoretical approach using molecular dynamics simulations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114313
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of NiO on electrical properties of NiAu-based ohmic contacts for p-type GaN (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 4145-4147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effects of a NiO layer on the electrical properties of NiAu-based ohmic contacts for p-GaN were studied by depositing a p-type NiO layer on the p-GaN using a sputter-deposition technique. NiO layers doped with Li[NiO(Li)] had a p-type conduction with sheet resistivity of around 1 Ω cm after annealing at temperatures lower than 500 °C. A variety of the NiAu-based contacts with the NiO layers such as NiO/Au, NiO(Li)/Au, Ni/NiO(Li)/Au, Ni/Li2O/NiO/Au, and Ni/Li2O/Ni/NiO/Au contacts were prepared by depositing on the p-GaN, where a slash "/" indicates the deposition sequence. However, these contacts did not provide specific contact resistances (ρc) lower than that (ρc∼10−2 Ω cm2) of the conventional Ni/Au contacts prepared by annealing in N2 ambient. From the present results, it was believed that the p-NiO layer did not act as an intermediate semiconductor layer to reduce the Schottky barrier height at the p-GaN/Au interface. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125564
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concatenation of variations in plaque formation with variations in crevicular temperature (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypothesis was tested that variations in the temperature of gingival crevices are linked to variations in plaque formation. Fifty-nine abutment teeth to removable partial dentures were studied during four experiments, under various conditions of plaque formation, i.e. not brushing the teeth whilst wearing and not wearing dentures, and performing ordinary and then specialized tooth brushing whilst wearing dentures. The collation of temperature curves with plaque curves revealed a proportional relationship between the rate and magnitude of plaque formation and the rate and magnitude of the recorded temperature changes. Furthermore, the removal of plaque resulted in a reversal of induced temperature rises. The lowest crevicular temperatures were obtained with the practice of the specialized tooth brushing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1980.tb00436.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of toothbrush stimulation on temperature of gingival and alveolar mucosae (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thermometry was used to study the effect of applying a toothbrush to three types of oral mucosae, in forty dental students. Brushing with an electric tooth brush resulted in an immediate fall in temperature, but 3 min later the temperature was significantly higher than before stimulation. The temperature changes were greater in gingival crevice and attached gingiva compared with alveolar mucosa. Moreover, it was found that a static application of the toothbrush produced temperature changes which were equal to those following a dynamic application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1980.tb00424.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host response to two different designs of minor connector (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Temperatures were recorded in thirty-two gingival crevices adjacent to proximal surfaces of abutment teeth fitted with minor connectors of an open space design, and in thirty gingival crevices adjacent to proximal surfaces fitted with minor connectors of a closed design. During the 2 week experimental period, the twenty-seven removable partial denture subjects who were involved in the study kept the accumulation of plaque to a minimum by applying specialized tooth-brushing. Although an equal but small amount of plaque formed in both groups, the presumed minimal rise in temperature stimulated by this plaque did not prevent the two connector designs from showing disparate effects on the crevicular temperature. It was concluded that the open space design of minor connector is less conducive to irritation of the adjacent marginal gingiva than is the closed design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1980.tb00431.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromyographic study of the activity of jaw depressor muscles before initiation of opening movements (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The authors attempted to clarify the primary factors affecting the timing of the initial electromyographic discharges in the jaw depressor muscles (EMG onset). The changes in EMG onset in the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid (Lpt) and the anterior belly of the digastric muscles (Dig) were measured by varying duration of the open–close movement or occlusal force during the open–close–clench cycle (OCC). EMG onset tended to precede the beginning of the opening movement during OCC. The duration of opening and closing phase and the duration of occluding phase showed no significant correlation with the time-lag between EMG onset and the beginning of the opening movement (onset time).The mean EMG activity of the masseter muscle (Mm), corresponding to the occlusal force, showed a highly significant correlation with the onset time. The maximal opening velocity was highly correlated with the mean EMG activity of the jaw depressors before jaw opening. In conclusion, it was found that occlusal force is a major factor in EMG onset in the jaw depressors. It is suggested that smooth opening needs tooth contact with some degree of occlusal force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00401.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinnervation in the canine periodontal ligament of replanted teeth using an antibody to protein gene product 9.5: an immunohistochemical study (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The re-innervation process in the periodontal ligament of replanted canine teeth was examined by immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), a general marker for neurons, and by electron microscopy. Within 1 week of replantation, the periodontal fibers had regenerated, filling the narrow spaces between the alveolar bone and the root surface around the cervical and apical regions. Near the root apex, however, no PGP 9.5-im-munopositive nerve fibers were found in the regenerated periodontal ligament except for those in the alveolar half of the ligament. At 2 weeks after replantation, many nerve fibers positive for PGP 9.5 had ascended the periodontal ligament from the thick nerve bundles located near the root apex. Fine nerve endings showing complicated ramification were also present in the apical region. By 3 or 4 weeks after replantation, the vascular network was regenerated and principal periodontal fibers were re-established throughout the entire length of the periodontal ligament. The extensively ramified PGP 9.5-immunopositive structures had increased in thickness and density and showed characteristic treelike profiles by 3 weeks. Electron microscopy confirmed that most of these structures were Ruffini-like endings, and demonstrated that such nerve terminals were almost regenerated by 4 weeks post-replantation. These results indicated that, in the periodontal ligament of replanted canine teeth, the regeneration of the nerve fibers including mechanosensory receptors first showed signs of regeneration by 2 weeks following tooth replantation and proceeded rapidly thereafter. Regeneration of the periodontal ligament including fiber architecture as well as vascular and neural elements was almost complete by 4 weeks after replantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1999.tb00778.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of periodontal nerve terminals to experimentally induced occlusal trauma in rat molars: an immunohistochenmical study using PGP 9.5 antibody (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 31 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The response of periodontal nerves to experimentally induced occlusal trauma in rat molars was assessed by immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) at light and electron microscopic levels, and by computerized image analysis. The occlusal surface on the left upper first molar of 8-wk-old male Wistar rats was raised approximately 1 min under ether anaesthesia. The rats were perfusion-fixed on d 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 after bite-raising and then decalcified for 2–3 wk. Frozen sagittal cryostat sections were stained by the avidin-biotin complex method. By the second day after bite-raising many Ruffini endings were swollen and their outline unclear at the light microscopic level. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed PGP 9.5 reaction products within Ruffini endings that had unusually long cytoplasmic projections extending through enlarged slits of the Schwann sheaths and also diffuse extracellular PGP 9.5-immunoreactivity near the Ruffini endings. From d 2 to 4, thin nerve fibres on the pressure side of the periodontal ligament were orientated irregularly and had a prominent beaded appearance. An increase in beaded nerve terminals occurred at d 2–4 post elevation, and decreased later. These results suggest that occlusal trauma induces specific changes in the distribution and shape of nerve terminals in the periodontal ligament.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00488.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenal nonhyperfunctioning adenoma and nonadenoma: CT attenuation value as discriminative index (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 559-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Adrenal neoplasms ; Abdomen, CT ; Adrenal adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background When an asymptomatic adrenal mass is incidentally discovered on abdominal CT scans, the distinction between a nonhyperfunctioning adenoma and a nonadenoma would be important. Methods We evaluated the CT findings of 36 adrenal masses (14 nonhyperfunctioning adenomas, 22 nonadenomas) in 34 patients with no evidence of hormonal hypersecretion. CT attenuation values of adrenal masses on CT scans were calculated by setting a circular region of interest as large as possible in the center of each adrenal mass. Results Below 20 HU in CT attenuation values, all adrenal masses, except one case of ganglioneuroma with myxomatous change, were nonhyperfunctioning adenomas. With an arbitrary threshold of 20 HU, the sensitivity of CT attenuation values in distinguishing nonhyperfunctioning adenomas from nonadenomas was 64%, the specificity was 95%, and the accuracy was 83%. When decreasing the threshold to 15 HU, the sensitivity was 64%, the specificity was 100%, and the accuracy was 86%. The CT attenuation value on noncontrast CT was more useful for making this distinction than the size and interior homogeneity. Conclusions Our data suggest that an asymptomatic adrenal mass with homogeneous low attenuation (≦15 HU) and less than or equal to 4 cm indicates a nonhyperfunctioning adenoma, and no further examinations are necessary. CT attenuation value on non-contrast CT is the most important discriminatory factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256711
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CT and MR findings of torsion of greater omentum: a case report (1997)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 22 (1997), S. 45 -46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Torsion—Greater omentum—Diagnosis—CT—MR.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a case of torsion of the greater omentum, which occurred in a 39-year-old man with an adhesive inguinal hernia. Preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a characteristic whirling fatty mass occupying the middle and lower abdomen anteriorly. MR imaging also showed difference of intensities in the twisted omentum, suggesting the presence of the pathological conditions of edema or congestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900136
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