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  • 1995-1999  (268)
  • 1975-1979  (272)
  • 1970-1974  (244)
  • 1905-1909
  • Chemical Engineering  (784)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of biocides for treatment of polyvinyl chloride film (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The results of a study to determine the biological stability of clear, colorless, biocide-treated PVC film are presented. With the exception of a resistant control, all the PVC film samples tested contained a plasticizer susceptible to biological deterioration. Biocide-treated and control PVC film samples were subjected to biological attack in soil burial. Portions of each sample were exposed to leaching and to weathering in a weatherometer followed by soil burial to test the stability of each biocide to loss by water and weathering exposure. Of the 32 biocide preparations tested only 2, N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide and copper 8-quinolinolate, a known effective reference compound, were found to provide good protection for treated film in direct soil burial and in soil burial following leaching and weatherometer exposure. Natural weathering outdoors confirmed the results found with weatherometer exposed samples. The N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide was less effective than the reference compound in suppressing surface growth. In addition, N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide may not be compatible with all PVC formulations.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100410
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Warm hydrostatic extrusion of polyethylene (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 908-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrostatic extrusion of high density polyethylene at an extrusion ratio of 15:1 was investigated in the temperature range between 100 and 134°C. A thin-walled tube was extruded having a tensile strength of 370 MPa and a tensile modulus of 10 GPa. The extrusion rate was limited by severe extrudate distortion which occurs at a limiting shear stress under stick-slip conditions. Even during steady extrusion wall slip was evident. At a constant extrusion speed, the extrusion pressure was found to be very sensitive to the extrusion temperature. An increase from 120 to 125°C reduced the extrusion pressure by half. Various thermal pretreatments of the starting billets were found to have little effect on the extrusion behavior and physical properties of the extrudate.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760181115
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and barrier properties of oriented blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 680-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Morphology and oxygen permeability studies were carried out for blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, and poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate), PEN, with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), EVOH. PET/EVOH blends are seen as a possible substitute for poly(vinylidene chloride)-coated PET packaging films. The effects of several processing parameters such as draw temperature and draw ratio on blend morphology and barrier properties suggest that the morphology of the EVOH phase dictates to a large extent the oxygen permeabilities of these blends. The relationships between morphology and oxygen permeability and explained are explained by consideration of two-phase conduction models. The model of Fricke is found to be a good predictor of the barrier properties of the PET/EVOH system. The oxygen permeability of PET was reduced by a factor of 4.2 with the addition of 20 wt% EVOH and that of PEN by a factor of 2.7 with the addition of 15 wt% EVOH. Water vapor permeabilities and mechanical properties of PET and PEN were only slightly affected by the addition of 15 wt% EVOH.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350808
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel method for noncontact measurement of particle temperatures (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 773-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A nonintrusive temperature measurement technique is developed for noncontact measurement of the temperature of single particles with 〈 200 μm dia. It is based on the temperature dependence of the fluorescence spectrum resulting from irradiation of a certain phosphor mixture with UV light by applying a mixture of two phosphors with fluorescence colors (blue and green) and a color shift from green to blue (with temperature increase from 20 to 280°C). An experimental setup is described for temperature measurement of particles based on the fluorescence color, together with the calibration of this system. The fluoroptic technique is applied to measure the temperature decrease of hot particles flowing down a cold chute. The measurements agree very well with thermocouple measurements. This novel technique can be applied to nonintrusive measurement of particle temperatures in (dense) multiparticle systems as encountered in packed and fluidized beds.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effluent concentration profiles in centrifugal partition chromatography (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 693-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a relatively new preparative chromatographic technique. To understand, predict, and optimize CPC separations a model is needed, describing the effluent concentration profile as a function of the phenomena that determine the separation efficiency (mass transfer, mixing, and partitioning). The model presented in this article describes experimental effluent concentration profiles accurately. Partition coefficients, Stanton numbers, and Péclet numbers were obtained by comparing model simulations to experimental pulse-response data. The fitted partition coefficients agree well with those obtained from shake-flask experiments. Mass-transfer limitation is the major reason for peak broadening. The inverse mass-transfer coefficient is a linear function of the partition coefficient. The model will be a valuable tool in determining the influence of mass transfer as a function of various experimental conditions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430315
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic modeling of gas/particle flows in riser reactors (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1569-1582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Complex hydrodynamic behavior of circulating fluidized beds makes their scale-up very complicated. In particular, large-scale lateral solids segregation causes a complex two-phase flow pattern which influences significantly their performance. Lateral solids segregation has been attributed to direct collisional interactions between particles as well as to interaction between gas-phase eddies and dispersed particles. However, these phenomena have not been investigated thoroughly.This article discusses an advanced 2-D hydrodynamic model developed for circulating fluidized beds based on the two-fluid concept. Because theory to model the interaction between gas-phase eddies and dispersed particles is not available, turbulence was modeled on a macroscopic scale using a modified Prandtl mixing length model. To model the influence of direct particle-particle collisions the kinetic theory for granular flow was applied based on the Chapman-Enskog theory of dense gases. For model validation purposes, a cold flow circulating fluidized bed was employed in which sand was transported with air as fluidizing agent. The column is equipped with pressure transducers to measure the axial pressure profile and with a reflective optical fiber probe to measure the local solids concentration and axial solids velocity. Theoretically calculated solids concentration and axial solids velocity agree satisfactorily with experiment, especially when one realizes that the model contains no adjustable parameters. In general, however, the model slightly underpredicted the experimentally observed lateral solids segregation and yielded a more peaked velocity profile compared to its experimental counterpart.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420608
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient behavior of pulsed particulate fluidized beds (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 625-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Transient phenomena in solid-liquid fluidized-bed systems are important in designing pulsed, countercurrent (multistage) fluidized-bed contactors of the Cloete-Streat type at high-solids flow rate. Of particular interest are the residence times or corresponding velocities of porosity gradients in the bed and the excess or overshoot height of the bed after refluidization. Theory assuming local equilibrium between holdup and velocity of the phases (local-equilibrium model) for stepwise perturbations in the liquid flow is readily available. It is investigated whether the local-equilibrium theory can be used for more complex perturbations and whether inertia effects, such as are encountered in countercurrent multistage fluidized-bed systems, can be ignored. Therefore, the detailed particle-bed model of Foscolo and Gibilaro, which incorporates inertia effects, was applied to investigate the transient behavior of fluidized-bed systems. Transient fluidization experiments were performed with a broad range of water-fluidized particles in a laboratory-scale multistage fluidized-bed contactor. The operating conditions corresponded to those for countercurrent contact.Numerical simulations with the particle-bed model predict satisfactory experimental results. The “overshoot” heights of the fluidized bed were estimated correctly by the particle-bed model, whereas the local-equilibrium model only provides a conservative estimate. However, the local-equilibrium model allows an analytical solution that is more interesting for design, as it avoids tedious calculations. The residence time of the last perturbation before the fluidized bed relaxes to steady state was estimated with similar accuracy by both models.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 207-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200145
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residence time distributions in a plasticating twin screw extruder (1979)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Residence time distribution measurements in a twin screw extruder are compared with a model based on ideally mixed chambers. Special attention is given to the tail of the distribution. These measurements are compared with the residence time distributions in single screw extruders and an empty pipe.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690250219
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The operating characteristics of twin screw extruders (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 660-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The operation of a twin screw extruder processing a powder or granular solid is reviewed. The operating variables of screw speed and barrel temperature profile interact with a number of design parameters -  screw design, die geometry, feed zone geometry and with the material properties, in determining machine performance. The factors that determine output and pressure development are specified in a sequence of block diagrams. The dynamic response of an operating machine to disturbances in the steady state conditions is explained in the light of the established relationships and interpreted in conventional control theory terms. Attention is drawn to the importance of mixing in the chambers formed by the screw channels and of the residence time distribution in determining the quality of the final product.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760180810
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