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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • 1905-1909
  • 5-Hydroxytryptamine  (2)
  • GPS  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced 5-hydroxytryptamine-mediated behavioural responses in rats following repeated electroconvulsive shock: Relevance to the mechanism of the antidepressive effect of electroconvulsive therapy (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 61 (1979), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroconvulsive shock ; Electronvulsive therapy ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of rats with one electroconvulsive shock (ECS) per day for 10 days enhanced the hyperactivity syndrome produced by administration of tranylcypromine (10 mg kg-1) and l-tryptophan (50 mg kg-1) given 24 h after the final shock. Similar enhancement was seen whether the shock was alternating sinusoidal or direct current (fractionated), whether it was given through unilaterally or bilaterally placed electrodes and whether or not a neuromuscular blocking agent (fazadinium) was used. Five shocks spread over 10 days or 8 shocks spread over 17 days were similarly effective, whilst 8 shocks in 1 day were ineffective. Therefore when ECS are given to rats in ways similar to those in which electroconvulsive therapy is given to patients with depression, enhancement of behavioural responses to increased 5-HT function is produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426732
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further observations on the effect of repeated electroconvulsive shock on the behavioural resposes of rats produced by increases in the functional activity of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 52 (1977), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroconvulsive shock ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Following repeated electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) (once daily for 10 days), rats display enhanced hyperactivity responses to tranylcypromine and l-tryptophan, a procedure which increases brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentrations, or to the suggested 5-HT agonist quipazine. The enhanced responses last for about 6 days following the last shock. Repeated sub-convulsive shocks did not produce this behavioural enhancement. Administration of indomethacin (2 mg/kg) 25 min before the ECS did not prevent the enhanced 5-HT response suggesting that the enhanced response is not the result of the reported rise in prostaglandins F following ECS. Repeated ECS shortened the time to loss of righting following pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) but did not alter the total sleeping time. Repeated ECS enhances locomotor activity produced by methamphetamine. It also enhances circling produced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in unilateral nigrostriatal lesioned rats, suggesting an enhanced postsynaptic response. No evidence was found for ECS altering the response of striatal adenylate cyclase to dopamine nor for any alteration of striatal cyclic AMP concentration. These data taken with our previous study reinforce the suggestion that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) produces increased responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine receptor stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439110
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The GEOID96 high-resolution geoid height model for the United States (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 219-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Geoid ; GPS ; Datums ; Reference systems ; Gravity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. The 2 arc-minute × 2 arc-minute geoid model (GEOID96) for the United States supports the conversion between North American Datum 1983 (NAD 83) ellipsoid heights and North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD 88) Helmert heights. GEOID96 includes information from global positioning system (GPS) height measurements at optically leveled benchmarks. A separate geocentric gravimetric geoid, G96SSS, was first calculated, then datum transformations and least-squares collocation were used to convert from G96SSS to GEOID96. Fits of 2951 GPS/level (ITRF94/NAVD 88) benchmarks to G96SSS show a 15.1-cm root mean square (RMS) around a tilted plane (0.06 ppm, 178∘ azimuth), with a mean value of −31.4 cm (15.6-cm RMS without plane). This mean represents a bias in NAVD 88 from global mean sea level, remaining nearly constant when computed from subsets of benchmarks. Fits of 2951 GPS/level (NAD 83/NAVD 88) benchmarks to GEOID96 show a 5.5-cm RMS (no tilts, zero average), due primarily to GPS error. The correlated error was 2.5 cm, decorrelating at 40 km, and is due to gravity, geoid and GPS errors. Differences between GEOID96 and GEOID93 range from −122 to +374 cm due primarily to the non-geocentricity of NAD 83.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050239
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The CARIB97 high-resolution geoid height model for the Caribbean Sea (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Geoid ; Mean sea level ; Ocean dynamic topography ; GPS ; Reference systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. A 2×2 arc-minute resolution geoid model, CARIB97, has been computed covering the Caribbean Sea. The geoid undulations refer to the GRS-80 ellipsoid, centered at the ITRF94 (1996.0) origin. The geoid level is defined by adopting the gravity potential on the geoid as W 0=62 636 856.88 m2/s2 and a gravity-mass constant of GM=3.986 004 418×1014 m3/s2. The geoid model was computed by applying high-frequency corrections to the Earth Gravity Model 1996 global geopotential model in a remove-compute-restore procedure. The permanent tide system of CARIB97 is non-tidal. Comparison of CARIB97 geoid heights to 31 GPS/tidal (ITRF94/local) benchmarks shows an average offset (h–H–N) of 51 cm, with an Root Mean Square (RMS) of 62 cm about the average. This represents an improvement over the use of a global geoid model for the region. However, because the measured orthometric heights (H) refer to many differing tidal datums, these comparisons are biased by localized permanent ocean dynamic topography (PODT). Therefore, we interpret the 51 cm as partially an estimate of the average PODT in the vicinity of the 31 island benchmarks. On an island-by-island basis, CARIB97 now offers the ability to analyze local datum problems which were previously unrecognized due to a lack of high-resolution geoid information in the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050212
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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