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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cardiac glycosides ; Cation transport ; Herzglykoside ; Kationentransport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Effekte von Digoxin auf die Mechanismen des Kationentransportes wurden an den Erythrozyten der Patienten untersucht. Die Studien wurden während Digoxinbehandlung bei Vorhofflimmern und bei Herzinsuffizienz mit Sinusrhythmus durchgeführt. Die Resultate zeigen, daß während kurzzeitiger Behandlung mit Digoxin die Rezeptoren für Herzglykoside an den Erythrozyten besetzt werden, woraus eine Hemmung des aktiven Kationentransportes resultiert. Diese Wirkungen zeigen eine gute Korrelation mit dem klinischen Erfolg der Behandlung. Während Langzeitbehandlung lassen sich diese Wirkungen jedoch nicht nachweisen. Dieser Befund legt nahe, daß dabei eine pharmakologische Toleranz gegenüber den Digoxinwirkungen eintritt. Die klinische Bedeutung dieser Befunde wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary We have measured the effects of digoxin on the cation transport mechanisms of patients' erythrocytes during treatment with digoxin for atrial fibrillation and cardiac failure in sinus rhythm. The results show that during short-term treatment with digoxin there is occupation of erythrocytic cardiac glycoside receptors by digoxin with resultant inhibition of active cation transport. These effects correlate well with the patients' clinical responses to treatment. During long-term treatment, however, these effects are not seen, suggesting that there is pharmacological tolerance to the effects of digoxin. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 262 (1976), S. 594-596 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To investigate the action of propranolol on brain 5-HT function we used a behavioural model4 reviewed elsewhere5. This involves the injection of tranylcypromine and L-tryptophan and measurement of the hyperactivity that results from the increased synthesis of 5-HT and its ?spillover? into ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have developed and used a novel technique to investigate the effects of lithium and other psychotropic drugs on the cation-transporting properties of the sodium- and potassium-activated ATPase enzyme (Na+, K+-ATPase) in intact synaptosomes. Rubidium-86 uptake into intact synaptosomes is an active process and is inhibited by ∼75% in the presence of the Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitor acetylstrophanthidin. In vitro addition of lithium to synaptosomes prepared from untreated mice causes a progressive inhibition of acetylstrophanthidin-sensitive 86Rb uptake, but only at concentrations higher than the clinical therapeutic range. However, pretreatment of mice for 14 days in vivo with lithium, carbamazepine, and haloperidol, but not phenytoin, causes a significant stimulation of 86Rb uptake into synaptosomes via Na+, K+-ATPase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The effect of l-tryptophan loading upon the amount of 5-HT accumulating in the brains of rats pretreated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor was studied. The amount of brain 5-HT accumulated increased with increasing tryptophan dosages and brain tryptophan concentrations up to a tryptophan dose of 120 mg/kg body wt. and a brain tryptophan of about 70 μg/g brain. Above this dose and concentration no further increase in brain 5-HT accumulation occurred. After monoamine oxidase inhibition and tryptophan loading gross hyperactivity and hyperpyrexia occurred. Monoamine oxidase inhibition, tryptophan administration and intact aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity were all collectively essential for the production of hyperactivity and hyperpyrexia. DL-Parachlorophenyl-alanine prevented both the occurrence of hyperactivity and the increased accumulation of, brain 5-HT. Indices of hyperactivity correlated with the amount of brain 5-HT accumulating in 1 h after tryptophan loading but not with the overall concentration of brain 5-HT, suggesting that hyperactivity was dependent upon the rate of 5-HT synthesis. Reserpine and tetra-benazine pretreatment speeded the onset and rate of development of the hyperactive state without altering the synthesis of brain 5-HT. It is suggested that when monoamine oxidase is inhibited and the rate of 5-HT synthesis is increased, granular uptake and storage of 5-HT and other rate-limiting mechanisms for 5-HT inactivation are unable to prevent 5-HT 'spilling over’to produce hyperactivity.The crucial dependence of 5-HT synthesis upon brain tryptophan concentration and the ability of intraneuronal metabolism, when monoamine oxidase activity is intact, to cope with increased 5-HT synthesis and prevent ‘spillover’, raise the possibility that brain 5-HT synthesis is normally in excess of functional needs, and suggest that intraneuronal metabolism and the intraneuronal organization of 5-HT pools are of more importance than synthesis in regulating the amount of 5-HT available for functional activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 17 (1970), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Crude mitochondrial fractions prepared from rat brains took up l-tryptophan. The component of the crude mitochondrial fraction responsible for this uptake is the synaptosome. After uptake of tryptophan occurred, rupture of synaptosomes released 97 per cent of the tryptophan unchanged. Rupture of synaptosomes abolished uptake.Penetration of the limiting membrane of synaptosomes by l-tryptophan both as influx and efflux was studied. Uptake of l-tryptophan was rapid, temperature dependent, partially inhibited by cyanide, 2-deoxy-d-glucose and ouabain, but apparently unaffected by low external sodium ion concentrations. d-tryptophan was a poor inhibiteur of l-tryptophan uptake. Concentration gradients Internal: external of up to 4:1 were achieved. Kinetic studies on l-tryptophan uptake and its competitive inhibition by l-phenylalanine indicated a saturable carrier-mediated transport system, present in the rat at birth. l-Tryptophan efflux from preloaded synaptosomes was markedly stimulated by certain arrino acids and its influx stimulated by preloading with l-tryptophan. This countertransport is further evidence for carrier-mediated or facilitated diffusion. On the basis of countertransport data there seem to be at least two systems for transporting amino acids across synaptosomal membrane.The relevance of these studies to the role of l-tryptophan as the initial precursor of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine is examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Intensity of the withdrawal syndrome in mice injected with 10 //g/kg naloxone. The ordinate represents the mean numher of jumps in an 8 min period beginning 3 min after the injection of naloxone. No significant difference was seen between groups injected with morphine alone (o-o) or both ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 1068-1069 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The penetration of C14 Rifampicin into various tissues, but particularly peripheral nerve, has been studied in the monkey. Penetration into the substance of peripheral nerve internal to the epineurial covering was demonstrated and the significance of this in relation to the treatment of leprosy is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 577-577 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The report of Peter Aldhous (Nature 347, 216; 1990) about the setting-up by the Japanese pharmaceutical company EISAI of a neurosciences research centre at University College, London, takes the opportunity to castigate British pharmaceutical companies for not investing in UK universities. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - We were surprised to read (Na-ture 357, 348; 1992) the statement that "there is as yet no certain link between significant progress in understanding neuronal function and its application to any human disease". In the half a century since chemical neurotransmission was established as ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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