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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1970-1974  (4)
  • Chemistry  (5)
  • Chronic antidepressant  (2)
  • children  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chronic administration of the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor citalopram on extracellular 5-HT and apparent autoreceptor sensitivity in rat forebrain in vivo (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 352 (1995), S. 597-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Microdialysis ; 5-HT release ; Chronic antidepressant ; Citalopram ; 5-HT reuptake inhibitor ; Tolerance ; Autoreceptors ; Frontal cortex ; Dorsal hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rats were administered the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake blocker citalopram or saline for 14 days to determine if prolonged treatment would lead to changes in extracellular 5-HT or autoreceptor sensitivity. One day after drug withdrawal, dialysis probes were implanted in the frontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. Dialysis experiments were carried out using chloral hydrate anesthetized rats. The experimental protocol comprised the administration of three consecutive drug challenges: (1) After stable baseline levels were obtained, citalopram was infused through the dialysis probes to locally block uptake in the forebrain. (2) Subsequently, a 5-HT1B receptor agonist (RU24969 or CP93,129) was infused through the probe to test for changes in terminal autoreceptor sensitivity. (3) Last, citalopram was administered systemically to test the effect of indirect activation of somatodendritic autoreceptors. Under these conditions, with uptake already blocked locally in the forebrain, systemic citalopram produces a decrease in extracellular 5-HT, an effect that can be inhibited by pretreatment with antagonists of 5-HT1A receptors. The results indicate that during local infusion of citalopram extracellular 5-HT was significantly higher in the dorsal hippocampus of the chronic citalopram as compared to saline treatment group. This difference persisted throughout the full time course of the experiment. However, the decreases in 5-HT levels produced by local infusion of a 5-HT1B receptor agonist or after systemic citalopram administration were not significantly different between the chronic citalopram and saline treated groups. There were no significant differences between chronic citalopram and saline treated animals in frontal cortex. These results suggest that prolonged inhibition of 5-HT uptake may produce a selective change in the regulation of release from median raphe 5-HT neurons, but this change could not be clearly linked to a change in nerve terminal or somatodendritic autoreceptor sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171317
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chronic administration of the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor citalopram on extracellular 5-HT and apparent autoreceptor sensitivity in rat forebrain in vivo (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 352 (1995), S. 597-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Microdialysis ; 5-HT release ; Chronic antidepressant ; Citalopram ; 5-HT reuptake inhibitor ; Tolerance ; Autoreceptors ; Frontal cortex Dorsal hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were administered the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake blocker citalopram or saline for 14 days to determine if prolonged treatment would lead to changes in extracellular 5-HT or autoreceptor sensitivity. One day after drug withdrawal, dialysis probes were implanted in the frontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. Dialysis experiments were carried out using chloral hydrate anesthetized rats. The experimental protocol comprised the administration of three consecutive drug challenges: (1) After stable baseline levels were obtained, citalopram was infused through the dialysis probes to locally block uptake in the forebrain. (2) Subsequently, a 5-HT1B receptor agonist (RU24969 or CP93,129) was infused through the probe to test for changes in terminal autoreceptor sensitivity. (3) Last, citalopram was administered systemically to test the effect of indirect activation of somatodendritic autoreceptors. Under these conditions, with uptake already blocked locally in the forebrain, systemic citalopram produces a decrease in extracellular 5-HT, an effect that can be inhibited by pretreatment with antagonists of 5-HT1A receptors. The results indicate that during local infusion of citalopram extracellular 5-HT was significantly higher in the dorsal hippocampus of the chronic citalopram as compared to saline treatment group. This difference persisted throughout the full time course of the experiment. However, the decreases in 5-HT levels produced by local infusion of a 5-HT1B receptor agonist or after systemic citalopram administration were not significantly different between the chronic citalopram and saline treated groups. There were no significant differences between chronic citalopram and saline treated animals in frontal cortex. These results suggest that prolonged inhibition of 5-HT uptake may produce a selective change in the regulation of release from median raphe 5-HT neurons, but this change could not be clearly linked to a change in nerve terminal or somatodendritic autoreceptor sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171317
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural problems of children with chronic physical illness and their siblings (1997)
    Springer
    European child & adolescent psychiatry 6 (1997), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-165X
    Keywords: Behavioural problems ; children ; chronic physical illness ; siblings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Children suffering from chronic physical illness are considered to be at increased risk for behavioural problems. There is also evidence that their siblings are at risk for behavioural problems. This study investigated parent-reported behavioural problems in chronically ill children and their siblings. There were significant positive correlations between the behaviour problem scores of the ill children and the scores of their siblings. Siblings older than the ill child had significantly higher behaviour problem scores of an internalizing nature than did the younger siblings. Sibling behaviour problem scores were similar to those of a comparison group of normal children and significantly different from those of a comparison group of psychiatrically referred children. Siblings of chronically ill children showed no greater likelihood of receiving scores in the clinical range of behaviour problems than children in the general population. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573636
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural problems of children with chronic physical illness and their siblings (1997)
    Springer
    European child & adolescent psychiatry 6 (1997), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-165X
    Keywords: Key words Behavioural problems ; children ; chronic physical illness ; siblings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Children suffering from chronic physical illness are considered to be at increased risk for behavioural problems. There is also evidence that their siblings are at risk for behavioural problems. This study investigated parent-reported behavioural problems in chronically ill children and their siblings. There were significant positive correlations between the behaviour problem scores of the ill children and the scores of their siblings. Siblings older than the ill child had significantly higher behaviour problem scores of an internalizing nature than did the younger siblings. Sibling behaviour problem scores were similar to those of a comparison group of normal children and significantly different from those of a comparison group of psychiatrically referred children. Siblings of chronically ill children showed no greater likelihood of receiving scores in the clinical range of behaviour problems than children in the general population. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573636
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chaos in protein dynamics (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 29 (1997), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: nonlinear dynamics ; chaotic motion in complex systems ; protein folding pathways ; molecular dynamics ; Lyapunov exponent ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: MD simulations, currently the most detailed description of the dynamic evolution of proteins, are based on the repeated solution of a set of differential equations implementing Newton's second law. Many such systems are known to exhibit chaotic behavior, i.e., very small changes in initial conditions are amplified exponentially and lead to vastly different, inherently unpredictable behavior. We have investigated the response of a protein fragment in an explicit solvent environment to very small perturbations of the atomic positions (10-3-10-9 Å). Independent of the starting conformation (native-like, compact, extended), perturbed dynamics trajectories deviated rapidly, leading to conformations that differ by approximately 1 Å RMSD within 1-2 ps. Furthermore, introducing the perturbation more than 1-2 ps before a significant conformational transition leads to a loss of the transition in the perturbed trajectories. We present evidence that the observed chaotic behavior reflects physical properties of the system rather than numerical instabilities of the calculation and discuss the implications for models of protein folding and the use of MD as a tool to analyze protein folding pathways. Proteins 29:417-425, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and stress-strain properties of SBS and SIS block polymers made with dilithium initiators (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 163-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: ABA-type block polymers of styrene (monomer A) and isoprene or butadiene were prepared using two commercially available dilithium adducts of isoprene as initiators. One (DiLi-1) was predominantly dilithio diisoprene and contained a small amount of dimethyl ether (ether/Li 〉 1.0). The second (DiLi-1 C.E.) was a higher molecular weight version of DiLi-1, containing about seven isoprene units per molecule. It contained only a trace of dimethyl ether (ether/Li 〈 0.1). Polymers were made by charging all of the monomers at the start of the reaction. The diene polymerized first, incorporating some styrene. When the diene was consumed, the difunctional polymer chains then added a block of nearly pure polystyrene at each end. Thus an ABA-type polymer was synthesized in one step. These polymers show the usual behavior of pseudo-vulcanized elastomers. Their stress-strain curves are given. The SBS polymers had the higher tensile strengths. None had tensile strengths as high as SBS or SIS polymers made with n- or sec-butyllithium. It was shown that the diene blocks contain appreciable amounts of styrene. This leads to more compatibility between the A and B blocks; it also shortens the styrene blocks compared to the theoretical lengths of “pure” blocks. Both effects can lead to loss of tensile strength. Microstructures of the diene homopolymers made with these initiators are also given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition kinetics of a phenolic-carbon composite. I. Resin available for volatilization (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 747-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The isothermal decomposition of a phenolic resin in a phenolic-carbon cloth composite was measured at approximately 0.1 to 0.2 torr over the temperature range of 105°-718°C. The kinetics are initially first order and, in the later stages, second order. An analytic technique is provided for calculating the maximum quantity of resin which will volatilize during decomposition, thereby obviating the necessity of measurements for extended time periods. The amount of resin available for volatilization during decomposition varies with temperature and is in equilibrium with resin, which does not volatilize. Plots of the equilibrium constant versus the reciprocal absolute temperature show that two equilibria are involved: one which predominates up to 352°C and the other above this temperature. The heats of reaction are 2.2 and 15.3 kcal/mole. The first value is associated with hydrogen bonding and the second with decomposition and oxidation activation energies.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070140318
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition kinetics of a phenolic-carbon composite. II. Rate relationships (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 91-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The isothermal decomposition of a phenolic resin in a phenolic-carbon cloth composite was measured in air at 0.1 to 0.2 torr over the temperature range 104-718°C. Two decomposition rate relationships are presented that can be used to predict decomposition. One assumes two second-order consecutive rate-controlling reactions, and the other assumes a diffusion-limited second-order reaction. Two rate constants govern each relationship, one being operative during the initial decomposition stages, and the other during the final stages. Evidence is presented to support the applicability of both relationships to predict decomposition over the entire temperature range studied. Arrhenius plots of the rate constants consist of several segments linearly connected. Activation energies and frequency factors computed from these segments cover a broad range of values. The activation energies are used to correlate the temperature ranges with the predominant products formed in these ranges.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070150108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectra of aryl substituted oxazolidones (1970)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of several 4,5-disubstituted-2-oxazolidones and several related N-methyl derivatives have been determined. Fragmentation has been found to be a function of three factors: (1) the size of the alkyl function at C-5, (2) the location of the aryl substituent, and (3) replacement of N—H by N—CH3. In particular, aryl or bulky alkyl groups substituted at C-5 result in protonated aldehyde derived from hydrogen rearrangement from nitrogen. With other substituents, the most intense ions are nitrogen containing fragments. In the latter case the fragmentation pathway has been elucidated with the aid of metastable peaks observed using defocusing techniques.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210040105
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