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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different release of cytokines into the cerebrospinal fluid following surgery for intra- and extra-axial brain tumours (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 619-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cytokines ; brain tumours ; neurosurgery ; cerebrospinal fluid ; brain injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the role of cytokines in brain repair processes and in local inflammation after neurosurgical procedures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 8 patients with intra-axial tumours and 8 patients with extra-axial tumours were analysed for interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha at the beginning and after surgery. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 increased dramatically in all patients just hours after surgery and fell during subsequent days. IL-1beta was found only in low amounts in the CSF of both patient groups. Other cytokines demonstrated different courses. In patients with intra-axial tumours IL-1ra peaked two to four hours after surgery with a subsequent decrease. In patients with extra-axial tumours there was a continuous low-level IL-1ra release into the CSF without a peak. TNF-alpha was not present in detectable levels in the CSF after surgery for extra-axial tumours but was found to peak two to four hours after surgery for intra-axial tumours. IL-10 was detected in the CSF of both patient groups, but a higher peak was seen after surgery for extra-axial tumours. These results suggest different requirements for the cytokine response and an involvement of different cell types in cytokine release. However, the analysis of the CSF from both patient groups showed no differences in cell counts and populations, with a mild pleocytosis being present in both patient groups after surgery. Therefore, we conclude that after surgery for extra-axial tumours cytokines were predominately produced by non-immune cells stimulated through hypoxia or mechanical irritation. After surgery for intra-axial tumours with a significant brain injury immune cells — activated by necrotic material —seem to be involved in the process of cytokine synthesis. In these cases an additional IL-1ra and TNF-alpha peak was found and these cytokines may be markers for cerebral injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411996
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome: literature review and report of 14 cases (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 21 (1998), S. 196-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome ; Entrapment neuropathy ; Lateral elbow pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) paralysis is characterized by weakness of the innervated muscles: the supinator muscle, the extensor muscles to the wrist, fingers and thumb (except the extensor carpi radialis longus) and the abductor pollicis longus muscle. Exploration of the nerve is recommended if there are no signs of spontaneous recovery after a period of observation of three to nine months. Another form of posterior interosseous nerve syndrome (PINS), also called the radial tunnel syndrome, presents with proximal forearm pain only. It is recommended to treat these patients conservatively at first. Only if conservative therapy does not relieve the symptoms of pain the PIN should be explored. A retrospective follow-up study of 14 patients with PINS was carried out, of which 12 patients had paresis or paralysis and two patients a pain syndrome. All, but one, were operated on. The results at follow-up will be discussed. It is recommended that the period of observation should be six to eight months for patients with PIN paresis, however, for patients with a full paralysis it is not possible to make any recommendation from this series. In contrast to the results reported in the literature, both our patients with pain as the only symptom obtained poor results at follow-up. For this group of patients the importance of the conservative treatment is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002380050068
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome: literature review and report of 11 cases (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 21 (1998), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome ; Entrapment neuropathy ; Neuralgic amyotrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS) is characterized by weakness of the flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum profundus of the index finger. The orthopedic literature suggests that this syndrome is caused by mechanical compression of the nerve (an entrapment neuropathy) and that decompression should take place after an observational period of 6 to 12 weeks. The neurological literature suggests that AINS is a form of neuralgic amyotrophy and that it is safe to treat patients with AINS nonoperatively to obtain good results. With this controversy in mind, a retrospective follow-up study of 11 patients with this syndrome was conducted. Eight patients were operated on and three patients were treated conservatively. The question whether a patient should be operated on or not, cannot easily be answered. It is recommended that spontaneous recovery should be awaited in patients having other neurological symptoms in combination with AINS. In patients with symptoms caused by AINS only, the observation period should be 8 to 12 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002380050067
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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