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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Training theory and taper: validation in triathlon athletes (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 79 (1999), S. 182-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Training theory ; Modeling ; Taper ; Performance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper defines a training theory with which to predict the effectiveness of various formats of taper in optimizing physical performance from a standardized period of training and taper. Four different taper profiles: step reduction vs exponential (exp) decay and fast vs slow exp decay tapers, were simulated in a systems model to predict performance p(t) resulting from a standard square-wave quantity of training for 28 days. The relative effectiveness of each of the profiles in producing optimal physical improvement above pre-taper criterion physical test standards (running and cycle ergometry) was determined. Simulation showed that an exp taper was better than a step-reduction taper, and a fast exp decay taper was superior to a slow exp decay taper. The results of the simulation were tested experimentally in field trials to assess the correspondence between simulation and real-training criterion physical tests in triathlon athletes. The results showed that the exp taper (=5 days) group made a significantly greater improvement above a pre-taper standard (P≤0.05) than the step-reduction taper group in cycle ergometry, and was better, but not significantly so, in a 5-km run. A fast exp taper group B (τ=4 days) performed significantly better (P≤0.05) in maximal, cycle ergometry above a pre-taper training standard than a slow exp taper group A (τ=8 days) and was improved more, but not significantly so, than group A in a 5-km criterion run. The mean improvement on both physical tests by exp decay taper groups all increased significantly (P≤0.05) above their pre-taper training standard. Maximum oxygen uptake increased significantly in a group of eight remaining athletes during 2 weeks of final taper after three athletes left early for final preparations at the race site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050493
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The juxtaglomerular apparatus in fetal and newborn mice (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Kidneys of timed fetal and newborn mice of the C57BL stock were sectioned and stained with a modified Bowie technique. The juxtaglomerular cells, indentifiable by their granularity and position, were recognized rather late in fetal life  -  three or four days before birth. By the eighth day postpartum, the granular cells of the JGA had reached a peak of differentiation and closely resembled the adult JGA in their number, size, granularity, and position. The mesangial cell was often but not always granulated. The granular cell indices (G.C.I.) of fetal, newborn, and adult mice are compared. The high G.C.I. in fetal kidneys in our studies should account for the high renin titre found by others in fetal kidney extracts.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590206
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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