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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rearing Tipula oleracea (Diptera, Tipulidae) in Laboratory Cultures (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 24 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tipula oleracea L. was cultured in the laboratory at 20°C, producing five to six generations per year and, for example, 20,000 surplus insects for experimental purposes. The eggs were kid in agar and the larvae were reared in sand and Fed dried, powdered grass. Small insects such as sciarids contaminated the culture but were controlled by mechanical separation and heat treatment of the sand. This method has been used to rear T. oleracea through 35 generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1975.tb01871.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field trials withTipula iridescent virus againstTipula spp. larvae in grassland (1978)
    Springer
    BioControl 23 (1978), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des essais en parcelles avec le virus irisant deTipula (TIV) ont été effectués pour déterminer si l'on peut introduire l'infection dans des populations deTipula spp. en prairie. Le virus a été utilisé sous forme de larves vivantes ou mortes deTipula oleracea L., d'appât de son, et en suspensions aqueuses. L'expérimentation a été réalisée dans un emplacement pendant 3 ans successifs et dans 5 sites complémentaires pendant la 3e année. L'échantillonnage des populations de larves de tipules a eu lieu tous les 2 mois. La majorité des larves récoltées n'etaient pas irisantes et elles ne le sont pas devenues après un élevage à 20°C pendant 30 jours. Dans les parcelles où l'on a trouvé des larves irisantes, celles-ci représentaient 1 à 17% de la population de tipules. L'identité du virus dans ces insectes a été confirmée par agglutination au latex. Les résultats suggèrent que tous les traitements ont introduit l'infection virale dans les populations de tipules mais avec une faible efficacité.
    Notes: Abstract Field trials withTipula iridescent virus (TIV) were carried out to determine whether the infection can be introduced into populations ofTipula spp. in grassland. The virus was introduced into plots in live and deadTipula oleracea L. larvae, in a bran bait and in sprayed aqueous suspensions. Trials were conducted at 1 site in 3 successive years and at 5 further sites in the 3rd year. Tipulid larval populations in the plots were sampled at intervals of approximately 2 months. The majority of sampled larvae were not iridescent and did not become iridescent when they were incubated at 20°C for 30 days. In plots where iridescent larvae were found they generally comprised between 1 and 17% of the tipulid population. The identity of the virus infecting these insects was confirmed by the latex agglutination test. The results suggest that all the treatments introduced the virus infection into one or more of the tipulid populations; they all did so, however, with low efficiencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371724
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of purified recombinant human interleukin-1β (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 3 (1988), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: bioactivity ; SK-hep-1 hepatoma ; interleukin-1 ; recombinant protein ; crystals ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The gene for human interleukin-1β was cloned from SK-hep-1 hepatoma cellular RNA and expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli both as the naturally processed form (rIL-1β) and as a variant with an additional sequence of three amino acids on the N-terminus (rIL-1β+). Expressed protein was purified to homogeneity by a sequence of steps, which included low pH incubation, adsorption and desorption from Procion Red Sepharose, sizing on a Superose 12 fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) column, and anion exchange chromatography on QAE Sepharose. The final step provided a biologically active protein that migrates on twodimensional (2-D) gels as a single spot with a pI of 6.7 ± 0.2 and a molecular mass of 17,500 daltons. Concentrated solutions of rIL-1β have produced crystals by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The crystals are tetragonal, show the symmetry of space group P41 or its enantiomer, have lattice constants of a = 58.46 (1) and c = 77.02 (3) A, and scatter to at least 2 Å resolution. A structure determination based on these crystals is under way.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340030207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Training theory and taper: validation in triathlon athletes (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 79 (1999), S. 182-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Training theory ; Modeling ; Taper ; Performance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper defines a training theory with which to predict the effectiveness of various formats of taper in optimizing physical performance from a standardized period of training and taper. Four different taper profiles: step reduction vs exponential (exp) decay and fast vs slow exp decay tapers, were simulated in a systems model to predict performance p(t) resulting from a standard square-wave quantity of training for 28 days. The relative effectiveness of each of the profiles in producing optimal physical improvement above pre-taper criterion physical test standards (running and cycle ergometry) was determined. Simulation showed that an exp taper was better than a step-reduction taper, and a fast exp decay taper was superior to a slow exp decay taper. The results of the simulation were tested experimentally in field trials to assess the correspondence between simulation and real-training criterion physical tests in triathlon athletes. The results showed that the exp taper (=5 days) group made a significantly greater improvement above a pre-taper standard (P≤0.05) than the step-reduction taper group in cycle ergometry, and was better, but not significantly so, in a 5-km run. A fast exp taper group B (τ=4 days) performed significantly better (P≤0.05) in maximal, cycle ergometry above a pre-taper training standard than a slow exp taper group A (τ=8 days) and was improved more, but not significantly so, than group A in a 5-km criterion run. The mean improvement on both physical tests by exp decay taper groups all increased significantly (P≤0.05) above their pre-taper training standard. Maximum oxygen uptake increased significantly in a group of eight remaining athletes during 2 weeks of final taper after three athletes left early for final preparations at the race site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050493
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemocytes and granular cell fragments of Tipula paludosa larvae (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 191 (1987), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Five morphological categories of hemocyte (prohemocyte, ameboid plasmatocyte, spindle-shaped plasmatocyte, oenocytoid, and granular cell) were observed by light and electron microscopy of hemolymph from Tipula paludosa larvae. In addition, vast numbers of membrane-bounded granule-containing fragments were present, and were also found in the larval hemolymph of four other Tipula spp. The fragments appear to be derived from the granular cells, which readily fragment. Granules in the granular cells and the fragments appear to have similar substructure. Melanization and coagulation of the hemolymph occur rapidly on exposure to air; the granular cell fragments may be concerned with one or both of these processes.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051910308
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