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Training theory and taper: validation in triathlon athletes (1999)

Banister, E. W. ; Carter, J. B. ; Zarkadas, P. C.

Springer

European journal of applied physiology 79 (1999), S. 182-191

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ISSN: 1439-6327

Keywords: Key words Training theory ; Modeling ; Taper ; Performance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract This paper defines a training theory with which to predict the effectiveness of various formats of taper in optimizing physical performance from a standardized period of training and taper. Four different taper profiles: step reduction vs exponential (exp) decay and fast vs slow exp decay tapers, were simulated in a systems model to predict performance p(t) resulting from a standard square-wave quantity of training for 28 days. The relative effectiveness of each of the profiles in producing optimal physical improvement above pre-taper criterion physical test standards (running and cycle ergometry) was determined. Simulation showed that an exp taper was better than a step-reduction taper, and a fast exp decay taper was superior to a slow exp decay taper. The results of the simulation were tested experimentally in field trials to assess the correspondence between simulation and real-training criterion physical tests in triathlon athletes. The results showed that the exp taper (=5 days) group made a significantly greater improvement above a pre-taper standard (P≤0.05) than the step-reduction taper group in cycle ergometry, and was better, but not significantly so, in a 5-km run. A fast exp taper group B (τ=4 days) performed significantly better (P≤0.05) in maximal, cycle ergometry above a pre-taper training standard than a slow exp taper group A (τ=8 days) and was improved more, but not significantly so, than group A in a 5-km criterion run. The mean improvement on both physical tests by exp decay taper groups all increased significantly (P≤0.05) above their pre-taper training standard. Maximum oxygen uptake increased significantly in a group of eight remaining athletes during 2 weeks of final taper after three athletes left early for final preparations at the race site.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050493

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Poly(norbornene): Tensile and dynamic-mechanical properties (1968)

Galperin, I. ; Carter, J. H. ; Hein, P. R.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 1751-1754

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ISSN: 0021-8995

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: The tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(norbornene), prepared through ring-opening polymerization, were studied. Tensile strength and extensibility increased, while Young's modulus decreased with increasing molecular weight and with increasing content of trans relative to cis unsaturation. The damping factor Delta; was dependent on molecular weight only for the lower molecular weight samples. The out-of-phase modulus E″ and the damping factor decreased as the trans/cis ratio increased.

Additional Material: 4 Ill.