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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrometric temperature measurement method and apparatus for measuring particle temperatures in hot furnaces: Application to reacting black liquor (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1976-1984 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A specialized two-color pyrometric method has been developed for the measurement of particle surface temperatures in hot, radiating environments. In this work, the method has been applied to the measurement of surface temperatures of single reacting black liquor char particles in an electrically heated muffle furnace. Black liquor was introduced into the hot furnace as wet droplets. After drying, the resulted particles were processed in different atmospheres corresponding to combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification at furnace temperatures of 700–900 °C. The pyrometric measurement is performed using two silicon photodiode detectors and 10 nm bandpass filters centered at 650 and 1050 nm. Thermal radiation is transferred using an uncooled fiberoptic probe brought into the vicinity of the char particle. The key features of the pyrometric apparatus and analysis method are: (1) Single particle temperature is resolved temporally at high speed. (2) The thermal radiation originating from the furnace and reflected by the particle is accounted for in the measurement of the surface temperature. (3) Particle temperatures above or below the furnace temperature can be measured without the need of a cooled background assisting the measurement in the hot furnace. To accomplish this, a minimum particle size is needed that is a function of the temperature difference between the particle and furnace. Particles cooler than the furnace can be measured if their diameter is more than 0.7 mm. Surface temperatures of 300–400 °C above the furnace temperature were measured during combustion of black liquor char particles in air. In atmospheres corresponding to gasification, endothermic reactions occurred, and char temperature remained typically 40° below the furnace temperature. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146954
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental assessment of Dermatophagoides mite-allergen levels in Sweden should include Der m 1 (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The major allergen of Dermatophagoides microceras, Der m 1, as well as the allergens of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, Der p 1 and Der f 1, were analyzed in the homes of 111 asthmatic children in three climatic regions in Sweden. TTie numbers and species of mites were determined by microscopy, and circulating IgE antibodies against mites were measured. Der f 1 was the predominant house-dust-mite (HDM) allergen, Der p 1 the least often found, and Der m 1 represented 31% of the allergen load. However, in the Linkoping area, Der m 1 was the major HDM allergen (58%). Mite counts and allergen levels correlated well. Current exposure to HDM allergens at home was associated with the serum IgE antibody response to HDM in the children with no threshold level. Of the ehildren with IgE antibodies against HDM, 67% reacted to all three mites. Mite sensitization rates were marginally increased (7%) by the addition of IgE analysis of D. microceras to the routine analysis of IgE antibodies against D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae. Thus, Der m 1 may be an important HDM allergen and should be considered when HDM exposure data are assessed in areas with a climate like that of Sweden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03956.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic dissociation of keratinocytes from human skin biopsies for in vitro cell propagation (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 8 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Four techniques for dissociation of skin biopsies were compared to identify the method of choice for optimal expansion of isolated keratinocytes. Equivalent biopsies were obtained from 4 healthy human subjects and each divided into four parts. One part was minced and placed in a trypsinizing flask containing 0.05% trypsin and 0.01% ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Released cells were harvested hourly. With the other parts, the epidermis was separated from the dermis after treatment with 0.5 mg/ml thermolysin, 2.5 mg/ml Dispase, or 0.17% trypsin and the epidermal portions were minced and incubated for 1 h in trypsin:EDTA. The cells were cocultivated with irradiated 3T3 fibroblasts to study the keratinocytes' proliferative capacity. Freshly isolated cells were immunostained with anti-vimentin antibodies or grown in fibroblast-supportive conditions to detect the presence of human dermal fibroblasts. The mean number of cells dissociated per cm2 biopsy was higher after trypsin:EDTA digestion of a dermis-containing biopsy using a trypsinizing flask (4.0x106 cells/cm2) compared to a biopsy where dermis-epidermis had been separated by thermolysin (2.8x106 cells/cm2), Dispase (2.3x106 cells/cm2) or trypsin (1.1x106 cells/cm2). Between 0.5% and 4% of the cells dissociated from a dermis-containing biopsy were human fibroblasts. This comprised more than twice the number of fibroblasts obtained by using epidermal/dermal split techniques. The proliferative capacity in primary and secondary culture was higher in cells isolated by trypsin:EDTA incubation in the trypsinizing flask or after epidermal-dermal separation using thermolysin, suggesting that Dispase or trypsin may have a more detrimental effect on the isolated keratinocytes. Our results show that dissociating the cells by trypsin:EDTA incubation in a trypsinizing flask or after epidermal-dermal separation using thermolysin, are preferable methods for isolating keratinocytes from human skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00345.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smoking and crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in periodontal disease (1999)
    Munksgaard : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Smoking is a well-documented risk factor for periodontal disease, although the mechanisms of its negative influence are not well understood. In the present study, the influence of smoking on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) content of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α was investigated in patients with moderate to severe forms of the disease. The study base consisted of 108 patients including 45 current smokers, 28 former smokers and 35 nonsmokers. The median GCF sample levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were 5.0 pg/ml and 61.0 pg/ml, respectively, for current smokers, 13.0 pg/ml and 51.0 pg/ml, respectively, for former smokers, and 10.0 pg/ml and 12.0 pg/ml, respectively, for nonsmokers. The differences between smoking groups with regard to IL-6 were not significant suggesting that the IL-6 content was not influenced by smoking. In contrast, the TNF-α content was significantly increased in current smokers as compared to non-smokers confirming our previous observations. The present results in patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease may indicate different mediator functions of IL-6 and TNF-α in response to smoking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.1999.260604.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of smoking on the outcome of periodontal surgery (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The 5-year outcome following periodontal surgery was evaluated in 57 patients that had received regular maintenance care throughout the follow-up period. The study population included 20 smokers, 20 former smokers and 17 non-smokers in the age range 37–77 years. The clinical characteristics evaluated were supragingival plaque, gingival bleeding and pocket probing depth. The region assigned for surgery was, in addition, radiographically evaluated in terms of periodontal bone height. Furthermore, the occurrence of the periopathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were assessed at follow-up. Plaque index was 28.5% at baseline and 32.9% at follow-up, indicating a good standard of oral hygiene, and gingival bleeding 31.7% and 24.9%, respectively, suggesting a low to moderate level of gingival inflammation. In regions assigned for surgery, pocket probing depth decreased significantly from on average 5.6 mm to 4.3 mm (p〈0.0001) and periodontal bone height increased significantly from on average 62.5% to 67.5% (p〈0.0001). In terms of bone height, the outcome was less favorable among smokers compared with non-smokers. There was a predominance of smokers among patients exhibiting loss of bone height after the 5 years of maintenance. No significant associations were found between the therapeutical outcome and supragingival plaque or subgingival occurrence of periopathogens. The associations between GCF levels of TNF-α and probing depth and bone height were unclear, whereas the level of TNF-α was significantly elevated in smokers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02428.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical expression of TNF-α in smoking-associated periodontal disease (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The level of TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was analyzed with respect to smoking in patients with untreated moderate to severe periodontal disease including 30 current smokers, 19 former smokers and 29 non-smokers, in the age range 31–79 years, Concomitantly the occurrence of the periopathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and the GCF levels of albumin, IgA and IgG were analyzed. With regard to clinical characteristics, there were no statistically significant differences between smoking groups. The occurrence of patients positive for the periopathogens Aa, Pg and Pi was 28.2%, 41.0% and 91.0%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between smoking groups with regard to occurrence or relative frequency of these periopathogens. An exception was a significantly lower occurrence of Aa in former smokers as compared to non-smokers. The chief novelty of the study was the observation of a clearly increased level of TNF-α in GCF associated with smoking. Both current and former smokers exhibited significantly higher levels of TNF-α in comparison to non-smokers, whereas the levels of albumin, IgA and IgG were the same irrespective of smoking. In conclusion, the present observations in patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease suggest that smoking is associated with elevated GCF levels of the cytokine TNF-α.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02368.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mite fauna in the home and sensitivity to house-dust and storage mites (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In search of potential new indoor allergen sources, all mites in dust from homes of 55 asthmatic children living in three climatic regions in Sweden were counted and identified by light microscope. Antibodies of the IgE class against three house-dust mites and three storage mites were measured in corresponding serum samples. Mites were found in all but two homes from the northernmost area, where levels also were lower than in the other regions. The highest mite densities were most often found in bedrooms (50%) and living rooms (40%). Mite density was increased in homes with high humidity and was higher in bungalows than in flats. House-dust mites predominated in the south and storage mites in the east central area, particularly in kitchens and bathrooms. Mite-density and IgE-antibody levels against house-dust mites were significantly associated. The same association applied to storage mites. Other species numbered around 100 mites/g dust in some homes. Microscopy helps to identify potentially important mites. Analysing home dust only for house-dust mites will underestimate mite exposure. Storage mites may be as relevant to sensitivity as house-dust mites. As other species occasionally were found in high numbers, their relevance should also be assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00850.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades from nunataks in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica (1995)
    Springer
    Polar biology 15 (1995), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four species of nematodes, sixteen species of rotifers and seven species of tardigrades were found in samples from nunataks in Vestfjella and Heimefrontfjella in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The distribution of the fauna was very aggregated and some samples contained no animals. The degree of similarity in species composition between various nunataks was low. The highest abundances and number of species were found on the largest and highest nunataks in the most southern position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236124
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution patterns of microfauna (nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades) on nunataks in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a previous paper the occurrence of nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades in 29 samples from nunataks in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica taken 1991/1992 was recorded. In this study, a more thorough description of animal distribution is possible by adding 64 new samples (1993/1994), thus increasing the total number from these studies to 93 soil samples from 11 nunataks. The number of species recorded from the area has now increased from 27 to 34. The populations were patchily distributed and the species composition differed between nunatak areas in Vestfjella and Heimefrontfjella. In most samples only one or a few species of nematodes or tardigrades were found. The number of rotifer species in a particular sample varied from nought to seven. Rotifers occurred in most of the samples (76%) with a maximum density of 750 specimens/gram dry weight. The nematode distribution was more restricted. Nematodes were found in high abundance on only four of the nunataks and occurred in 35% of the samples with a maximum density of 210 specimens/gram dry weight. Tardigrades were found in 39% of the samples with a maximum density of 580 specimens/gram dry weight. Some of the tardigrade species were widely distributed, whereas others were found only on specific nunataks. The distribution pattern of the fauna on two of the nunataks, Basen and Fossilryggen, was studied in greater detail and the results showed little difference in peak abundance and species composition between samplings carried out during two southern summer seasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02329207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative importance of food and shelter for seagrass-associated invertebrates: a latitudinal comparison of habitat choice by isopod grazers (1999)
    Springer
    Oecologia 120 (1999), S. 162-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Habitat choice ; Habitat complexity ; Predation ; Trade-off ; Latitude
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The generality of mechanisms affecting habitat choice and grazing in seagrass meadows was evaluated in a latitudinal comparison of seagrass grazers from the temperate (60°N) Baltic Sea and the subtropical (30°N) Gulf of Mexico. Using similar habitat choice experiment set-ups in Finland and the USA, the role of food type, habitat complexity and predation hazard on habitat choice of the isopods Idotea baltica (Pallas) and Erichsonella attenuata Harger were tested. When shelter was provided by both living and artificial seagrass, epiphytic food resources on artificial vegetation were clearly preferred by both species, although Idotea was attracted to epiphyte-free seagrass when no alternative food was present. When choosing between food and shelter, both species preferred epiphytic food over shelter. However, under predation hazard of fish, Erichsonella clearly switched to the habitat offering shelter, while the presence of a predatory fish produced no preference for shelter by Idotea. Food type may be considered as an universal mechanism that partly determines the presence of grazers in seagrass habitats and is, in the absence of a predator, more important than shelter. Predation risk affected the behaviour of the grazers, but the response varied between species possibly due to varying importance of fish predation in the areas studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050845
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