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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase difference between 24-hour rhythms in cortical adrenal mitoses and blood eosinophils in the mouseSupported by the Elsa U. Pardee Foundation and by funds from the U.S. Public Health Service, the American Cancer Society, the Graduate School at the University of Minnesota and the Department of Public Welfare, State of Minnesota. (1957)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 129 (1957), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091290307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a metalloproteinase: A late stage specific gelatinase activity in the sea urchin embryo (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: sea urchin ; embryo ; gelatinase ; metalloproteinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have partially purified and characterized an 87 kDa gelatinase activity expressed in later stage sea urchin embryos. Cleavage activity was specific for gelatin and no cleavage of sea urchin peristome type I collagen, bovine serum albumin or casein was detected. Magnesium and Zn2+ inhibited the gelatinase and Ca2+ protected against inhibition. Ethylenediamine tetracetic acid, ethylenebisoxyethylenenitriol tetraacetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline were inhibitory, suggesting that the gelatinase is a Ca2+- and Zn2+-dependent metalloproteinase. No inhibition was detected with serine or cysteine protease inhibitors and the vertebrate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, Batimastat, was also ineffective. The vertebrate MMP activator p-aminophenylmercuric acetate was without effect. These results allow us to identify both similarities and differences between echinoderm and vertebrate gelatinases. J. Cell. Biochem. 66: 337-345, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix metallproteinases and TIMP-1 localization at sites of osteogenesis in the craniofacial region of the rabbit embryo (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 242 (1995), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases ; Collagenase ; Gelatinase ; Stromelysin ; TIMP-1 ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoclasts ; Cartilage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of closely related enzymes, the principal members being the collagenases, gelatinases, and stromelysins. They are synthesized and secreted by connective tissue cells and are capable of degrading all the components of connective tissue matrices at physiological pH.Methods: Patterns of synthesis and distribution of MMPs and their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), are documented in the craniofacial region at sites of bone formation during both intramembranous (e.g., calvaria, maxilla, and mandible) and endochondral ossification (e.g., cartilaginous cranial base and synchondroses) using indirect immunolocalization.Results: MMPs and TIMP-1 were detected both as bright intracellular accumulations, indicating active synthesis, and as diffuse matrix-bound extracellular deposits. Gelatinase-A had an extensive distribution in osteogenic tissues and was detected both in cells of the periosteum and spongiosum and as extracellular deposits in the osteoid layer of newly formed bone. In addition, gelatinase-AB synthesis was detected in osteoclasts. All regions of the early cartilaginous cranial base produced MMPs and TIMP-1 were also documented in early tooth germs and in Meckel's cartilage.Conclusions: These data document a prominent role for MMPs, and in particular gelatinase-A, in mediating matrix degradation during osteogenesis. Their detection in tooth germs and Meckel's cartilage further indicates a role for MMPs and TIMP-1 in matrix turnover during morphogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092420206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and cytochemical staining characteristics of canine natural killer cells (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 509-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: NK cell ; Dog ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The purpose of this work was to describe the ultrastructure and cytochemical staining characteristics of canine peripheral blood lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) cell activity, with comparison made to non-NK lymphocytes.Methods: Canine lymphocyte populations evaluated for ultrastructure, cytochemical staining, and NK function (by 51 chromium release assay) included: peripheral blood lymphocytes; lymphocytes from band 1 (NK-enriched), band 2, and the pellet of a 45/50% percoll gradient; lymphocytes from the supernatant fluid (non-conjugated lymphocytes) and pellet (lymphocytes conjugated to tumor cell targets) of a 17% percoll gradient; and null (CD4-CD8-) and CD4-CD8+ lymphocytes.Results: NK activity was concentrated in band 1 lymphocytes of the 45/50% percoll gradient with further enhancement of activity occurring in sorted null cells. Canine NK cells were 5.5 to 6.5 μm in diameter with a reniform (kidney bean shape) nucleus, and electron-dense cytoplasmic granules. NK cells (percoll band 1 cells and null cells) had larger cell and nuclear area, and less round nuclei when compared to non-NK lymphocytes. The overall cytochemical staining (chloracetate esterase, peroxidase, sudan black B, naphthyl acetate esterase, naphthyl butyrate esterase periodic acid-Schiff stain, and acid phosphatase with and without tartrate) pattern was similar in all the lymphocyte populations evaluated.Conclusions: This work confirms the usefulness of a 45/50% percoll gradient in obtaining a NK-enriched fraction of canine lymphocytes, and shows further enhancement of NK activity in sorted CD4-CD8- cells. The ultrastructure of canine NK cells is similar to that reported for human NK cells, but is different from that of other canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. Standard cytochemical staining does not discriminate canine NK cells from other lymphocytes. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092430413
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium-protein interactions in the extracellular environment: Calcium binding, activation, and immunolocalization of a collagenase/gelatinase activity expressed in the sea urchin embryo (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 71 (1998), S. 546-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: matrix metalloproteinase ; sea urchin ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have purified and characterized a collagenase/gelatinase activity expressed during sea urchin embryonic development. The native molecular mass was determined to be 160 kDa, while gelatin substrate gel zymography revealed an active species of 41 kDa, suggesting that the native enzyme is a tetramer of active subunits. Incubation in the presence of EGTA resulted in nearly complete loss of activity and this effect could be reversed by calcium. Calcium-induced reactivation appeared to be cooperative and occurred with an apparent kd value of 3.7 mM. Two modes of calcium binding to the 41-kDa subunit were detected; up to 80 moles of calcium bound with a kd value of 0.5 mM, while an additional 120 moles bound with a kd value of 5 mM. Amino acid analysis revealed a carboxy plus carboxyamide content of 24.3 mol/100 mol, indicating the availability of substantial numbers of weak Ca2+-binding sites. Calcium binding did not result in either secondary or quaternary structural changes in the collagenase/gelatinase, suggesting that Ca2+ may facilitate activation through directly mediating the binding of substrate to the enzyme. The collagenase/gelatinase activity was detected in blastocoelic fluid and in the hyalin fraction dissociated from 1-h-old embryos. Immunolocalization studies revealed two storage compartments in the egg; cortical granules and small granules/vesicles dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. After fertilization, the antigen was detected in both the apical and basal extracellular matrices, the hyaline layer, and basal lamina, respectively. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:546-558, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preimplantation development of mouse embryos in KSOM: Augmentation by amino acids and analysis of gene expression (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 41 (1995), S. 232-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mouse preimplantation development ; Reverse transcription-PCR ; Culture medium ; Gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Simplex optimization has generated several media that have improved the development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vitro. One objective of this study was to compare the development of preimplantation mouse embryos in one of these computer-optimized media, KSOM, with embryos that developed in vivo, in terms of the relative abundances of specific mRNAs involved in metabolism, transcription, and cell proliferation. First, however, since studies have indicated an improvement of other simple embryo culture media by addition of amino acids, the effects of the addition of amino acids to KSOM (KSOM/AA) on preimplantation development were assessed. We find that addition of both essential and non-essential amino acids to KSOM augments development in vitro, as compared to development supported by KSOM without amino acids. This augmentation is observed starting at the blastocyst stage, and is associated with increased rate of development to the blastocyst stage, increased frequency of hatching, and increased number of cells in the blastocysts. Reverse-transcription PCR was then used to assess the relative abundance of mRNAs for actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Na+, K+-ATPase, Sp1, TATA box-binding protein TBP, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-I receptor, and IGF-II receptor in embryos that developed in vivo and in vitro using KSOM/AA. Eight out of 9 of these mRNAs were present in the 8-cell embryos and blastocysts raised in KSOM/AA in amounts that were indistinguishable from those in embryos that developed in vivo. It is concluded that KSOM/AA provides an environment in which preimplantation mouse embryos can undergo development that is quantitatively similar to that occurring in vivo. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translational regulation of the gradual increase in histone H1 kinase activity in maturing mouse oocytes (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Histone H1 kinase ; Mouse oocyte maturation ; Protein synthesis ; Cyclin B ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In maturing mouse oocytes, p34cdc2-associated histone H1 kinase activity gradually increases until it reaches its maximum at metaphase I (Choi et al., 1991: Development 113:789-795). In this study, treatment of oocytes with cycloheximide resulted in a failure to increase the level of histone H1 activity above that detected at approximately the time of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB), which is ∼20-30% of the level normally achieved at metaphase I. Cyclin B was detected in GV-stage oocytes, but there was a 2-2.5-fold increase in the amount of cyclin B in maturing oocytes from GV-stage to metaphase I and a burst of cyclin B synthesis during the first 3 hr of maturation. Okadaic acid-treatment of mouse oocytes did not accelerate activation of histone H1 kinase but rather arrested its activity at the same level observed in cycloheximide-treated oocytes. Thus the components of the p34cdc2 kinase activating system in mouse oocytes are apparently not present in GV-stage oocytes in an amount or configuration that would allow maximum kinase activation when meiosis is reinitiated by okadaic acid. Importantly, okadaic acid-treatment dramatically inhibited protein synthesis. Therefore, the inhibition of protein synthesis by okadaic acid probably abrogates the possibility of de novo synthesis of the regulators of p34cdc2 kinase required to drive its activity to the maximum level normally achieved by metaphase I. It is concluded that there is a critical point in driving the continued activation of histone H1 kinase that occurs at approximately the time of GVB. Progression beyond this point requires de novo protein synthesis. Since newly synthesized cyclin B is immediately complexed with the p34cdc2 kinase in maturing mouse oocytes, cyclin B is a candidate for one of the proteins whose synthesis is required to drive the continued increase in histone H1 kinase activity after the time of GVB. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080400103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and accumulation of p34cdc2 and cyclin B in mouse oocytes during acquisition of competence to resume meiosis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 503-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Meiotic maturation ; Mouse oocyte ; p34cdc2 ; Cyclin B ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study tests the hypothesis 033 that growing murine oocytes, which are incompetent to resume meiosis, are deficient in their content of p34cdc2 and/or cyclin B, the two subunits of maturation promoting factor (MPF). Accumulation of the two MPF components occurred in an asynchronous manner in growing oocytes. Cyclin B content reached maximal levels in oocytes that were not yet competent to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB), the first obvious morphological manifestation of the resumption of meiosis. Thus, the amount of cyclin B is not the limiting factor rendering these growing oocytes incompetent to undergo GVB. In contrast, synthesis and accumulation of p34cdc2 increased during the period of oocyte growth in vivo when they became competent to undergo GVB. A similar increase in the amount of p34cdc2 also occurred in cultured granulosa cell-free oocytes despite the lack of oocyte growth, but these cultured oocytes did not become GVB competent. Thus, the accumulation of p34cdc2 is probably necessary, but not sufficient, for mouse oocytes to become competent to undergo GVB. This accumulation occurs autonomously in oocytes independently of growth or of the participation of follicular somatic cells. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080400414
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the developmental competence of mouse oocytes grown in vitro: Oxygen concentration (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 42 (1995), S. 447-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Oocyte development ; Oxygen concentration ; Developmental competence ; Mouse ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of oxygen concentration on the developmental competence of mouse oocytes grown in vitro because oxygen has been shown to affect the nuclear maturation of oocytes (Haidri et al., 1971: J Reprod Fertil 26:409-411) and preimplantation embryo development (Whitten, 1971: Adv Biosci 6:129-139). Oocyte - granulosa cell complexes were isolated from the preantral follicles of 12-day-old mice and cultured for 10 days in serum-free medium equilibrated with 5, 10, 15, or 20% O2. Five percent CO2 was used for all groups. Oocytes from all groups were then matured and fertilized, and preimplantation embryos cultured using 5% O2. With increased oxygen tension, there were dramatic decreases in the percentage of (1) oocytes that survived in vitro culture, (2) surviving oocytes that could resume meiosis and undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB), and then cleave to the two-cell stage, and (3) two-cell-stage embryos that completed the blastocyst transition. For example, 42% of the oocytes grown in a 5% O2 atmosphere cleaved to the two-cell stage compared with only 3% when the oocytes grew in an atmosphere of 20% O2. These dramatic effects of elevated oxygen were mitigated by either increased numbers of the oocyte-granulosa cell complexes in the culture or increased concentration of oxygen late in the culture period, after the oocytes became surrounded by greater numbers of granulosa cells. When the culture period was extended for 4 days beyond the standard 10 day cultures used in the experiments described above, there was an increased occurrence of precocious GVB or failure of the somatic cells to maintain meiotic arrest. This was prevented by increased oxygen concentration. Nevertheless, extending the time of culture even in the presence of elevated oxygen failed to increase oocyte growth to the equivalent of in vivo-grown oocytes or to improve the developmental competence of the in vitro-grown oocytes. It was concluded that concentrations of O2 above 5% have a deleterious effect on oocyte development during the early stages of culture. However, increasing the concentration on O2 during the later stages, in conjunction with other treatments to promote normal granulosa cell development and function and their interaction with the oocyte, may be critical to promote normal oocyte development in vitro. © 1995 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080420412
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in cell volume in relation to age of cultures and other factors in certain protozoa and bacteriaSubmitted to the Graduate Faculty of New York University as a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1957)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 50 (1957), S. 309-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030500212
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