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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitration of benzenesulfonate ion in acidic nitrate melts (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 95 (1973), S. 665-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00784a003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential phospholipase activation in the stimulation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 105 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stimulation of human neutrophils with the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe results in activation of a rapid, transient burst of oxidant secretion, which reaches a maximal rate by about 1 min after stimulation. This phase of oxidant secretion is then followed by intracellular oxidant production, which is detected by luminol chemiluminescence but not by assays such as cytochrome c reduction or scopoletin oxidation. The rapid phase of oxidant secretion requires increases in intracellular free Ca2+ and phospholipase A2 activity, but not the activities of phospholipase D or D or protein kinase C. In contrast, intracellular oxidant production requires the activities of phospholipase D and protein kinase C. A model is thus proposed suggesting the sequential activation of different phospholipases which activate oxidase molecules on the plasma membrane or else from the membranes of specific granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05908.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of reactive oxidant production in neutrophils by soluble and insoluble immune complexes occurs via different receptors/signal transduction systems (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cell-free synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis contains soluble and insoluble IgG-containing immune complexes which activate reactive oxidant production in human neutrophils. In this report we have measured the effects of inhibitors of signal transduction pathways on neutrophil activation by these complexes and also following activation by synthetic soluble and insoluble immune complexes made from human serum albumin (HSA) and anti-(HSA) antibodies. In all aspects studied, the soluble rheumatoid complexes and the soluble synthetic complexes were indistinguishable in the ways in which they activated neutrophils. Activation of reactive oxidant production in response to these soluble complexes was completely inhibited by pertussis toxin (indicating G-protein coupling of receptor occupancy), completely insensitive to staurosporine (indicating that oxidant production did not require protein kinase C activity), only marginally (〈30%) inhibited by butanol (indicating that dependence upon activity of phospholipase D was minimal), and completely inhibited by chloracysine, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. In contrast, activation of reactive oxidant production in response to the insoluble rheumatoid or insoluble synthetic immune complexes was largely pertussis toxin insensitive, inhibited by 〉50% by staurosporine, inhibited by 〉50% by butanol, and completely inhibited by chloracysine. These results show that the receptor-mediated signal transduction systems activated by the soluble and insoluble immune complexes are different. Because the soluble complexes activate a transient burst of reactive oxidant secretion from primed neutrophils, the mechanisms regulating either the release or the intracellular production of oxidants within rheumatoid joints are distinct and hence may be pharmacologically modified independently of each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1994.tb00450.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epigenetic change in IGF2R is associated with fetal overgrowth after sheep embryo culture (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 27 (2001), S. 153-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Manipulation or non-physiological embryo culture environments can lead to defective fetal programming in livestock. Our demonstration of reduced fetal methylation and expression of ovine IGF2R suggests pre-implantation embryo procedures may be vulnerable to epigenetic alterations in imprinted ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/84769
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phospholipase D-dependent and-independent activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase (1994)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 14 (1994), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; Respiratory burst ; Superoxide ; Granulocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Stimulation of the respiratory burst of human neutrophils by fMet-Leu-Phe (in the absence of cytochalasin B) is largely unaffected when the activities of protein kinase C and phospholipase D are inhibited. This has been confirmed using three separate assays to measure the respiratory burst. However, whilst these enzymes are not required for the initiation or maximal rate of oxidant generation, they are required to sustain oxidase activity. In contrast, in the presence of cytochalasin B, fMet-Leu-Phe stimulated oxidase activity is much more dependent on phospholipase D activity. It is proposed that (in the absence of cytochalasin B) activation of the NADPH oxidase utilises cytochrome b molecules that are already present on the plasma membrane and activation occurs independently of phospholipase D and protein kinase C. Once these complexes are inactivated, then new cytochrome b molecules must be recruited from sub-cellular stores. This translocation and/or activation of these molecules is phospholipase D dependent. Some support for this model comes from the finding that the translocation of CD11b (which co-localises with cytochrome b) onto the cell surface is phospholipase D dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutrophil function in whole blood and after purification: Changes in receptor expression, oxidase activity and responsiveness to cytokines (1992)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 12 (1992), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ; respiratory burst ; chemiluminescence ; fluorescence activated cell sorting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Neutrophil function and plasma membrane receptor expression was measured in cell suspensions isolated by two separate procedures and in unfractionated whole blood. When cells were prepared by a combined dextran/ficoll procedure, their ability to generate reactive oxidants in response to fMet-Leu-Phe was greater than in corresponding cells isolated by a one-step procedure on Mono-Poly Resolving Medium (M-PRM). Cells prepared by both methods could be primedin vitro by rGM-CSF, but the priming ratio was greater in cells prepared by the latter method. The ability of neutrophils in whole blood to generate reactive oxidants in response to fMet-Leu-Phe was extremely low, but this was increased by more than 10 fold if the blood was pre-incubated with rGM-CSF. Similarly, expression of CD 11b and CD 16 was very low (or undetectable) in neutrophils in whole blood, but this was rapidly increased upon priming. Activation by PMA resulted in a down regulation of CD 16 expression as the receptor was shed from the cell surface. Neutrophils isolated by either the dextran/ficoll or the M-PRM method showed increased expression of receptors compared with those in whole blood, although this expression was lower in cells isolated by the latter method. These data indicate that the isolation procedures used to obtain purified neutrophils prime both receptor expression and oxidase function, although these effects are minimalised in isolation procedures using M-PRM. Furthermore, as CD 16 expression on neutrophils in whole blood is rapidly up-regulated during priming, it seems likely that, as for complement receptors, rapidly-mobilisable intracellular stores of this receptor exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02351217
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proto-oncogene homologous sequences in the sea urchin genome (1988)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 8 (1988), S. 415-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: sea urchin ; development ; proto-oncogenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Using probes specific for several oncogenes/proto-oncogenes we have performed gel blot hybridization analyses of genomic DNA isolated from the sea urchinStrongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Probes prepared from v-erbB, v-myc, c-myb and v-fps were found to hybridize with discrete fragments of HindIII digested genomic DNA. In contrast, probes prepared from v-abl, v-fos, v-sis, v-src, and v-mos either hybridized with multiple fragments, indicating non-specific binding, or failed to hybridize at all above background levels. These results clearly demonstrate the presence of proto-oncogene homologous sequences in the sea urchin genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01121638
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium-protein interactions in the extracellular environment: Calcium binding, activation, and immunolocalization of a collagenase/gelatinase activity expressed in the sea urchin embryo (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 71 (1998), S. 546-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: matrix metalloproteinase ; sea urchin ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have purified and characterized a collagenase/gelatinase activity expressed during sea urchin embryonic development. The native molecular mass was determined to be 160 kDa, while gelatin substrate gel zymography revealed an active species of 41 kDa, suggesting that the native enzyme is a tetramer of active subunits. Incubation in the presence of EGTA resulted in nearly complete loss of activity and this effect could be reversed by calcium. Calcium-induced reactivation appeared to be cooperative and occurred with an apparent kd value of 3.7 mM. Two modes of calcium binding to the 41-kDa subunit were detected; up to 80 moles of calcium bound with a kd value of 0.5 mM, while an additional 120 moles bound with a kd value of 5 mM. Amino acid analysis revealed a carboxy plus carboxyamide content of 24.3 mol/100 mol, indicating the availability of substantial numbers of weak Ca2+-binding sites. Calcium binding did not result in either secondary or quaternary structural changes in the collagenase/gelatinase, suggesting that Ca2+ may facilitate activation through directly mediating the binding of substrate to the enzyme. The collagenase/gelatinase activity was detected in blastocoelic fluid and in the hyalin fraction dissociated from 1-h-old embryos. Immunolocalization studies revealed two storage compartments in the egg; cortical granules and small granules/vesicles dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. After fertilization, the antigen was detected in both the apical and basal extracellular matrices, the hyaline layer, and basal lamina, respectively. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:546-558, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a metalloproteinase: A late stage specific gelatinase activity in the sea urchin embryo (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: sea urchin ; embryo ; gelatinase ; metalloproteinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have partially purified and characterized an 87 kDa gelatinase activity expressed in later stage sea urchin embryos. Cleavage activity was specific for gelatin and no cleavage of sea urchin peristome type I collagen, bovine serum albumin or casein was detected. Magnesium and Zn2+ inhibited the gelatinase and Ca2+ protected against inhibition. Ethylenediamine tetracetic acid, ethylenebisoxyethylenenitriol tetraacetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline were inhibitory, suggesting that the gelatinase is a Ca2+- and Zn2+-dependent metalloproteinase. No inhibition was detected with serine or cysteine protease inhibitors and the vertebrate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, Batimastat, was also ineffective. The vertebrate MMP activator p-aminophenylmercuric acetate was without effect. These results allow us to identify both similarities and differences between echinoderm and vertebrate gelatinases. J. Cell. Biochem. 66: 337-345, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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