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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum Evidence for the shikimate pathway in apicomplexan parasites (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 395 (1998), S. 306-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature 393, 801–805 (1998) The correct designation of symbols in Figs 1b, d and 3a is as follows. In Fig. 1b, open squares: PABA alone; filled squares: sulphadiazine and PABA; open circles: glyphosate and PABA; filled circles: ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/26277
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the shikimate pathway in apicomplexan parasites (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 393 (1998), S. 801-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa cause substantial morbidity, mortality and economic losses, and new medicines to treat them are needed urgently,. The shikimate pathway is an attractive target for herbicides and antimicrobial agents because it is essential in algae, higher plants, bacteria ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/31723
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  • 13
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    Unknown
    RECREATION FOR THE COMMUNITY: (illustrated) (1956)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Community development journal. 7:4 (1956:Sept.) 75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0010-3802
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Notes: Kenya
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:6076-1956-007-04-000003
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  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    IMMIGRATION AND FOREIGN POLICY (1955)
    Philadelphia, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Current History. 29:171 (1955:Nov.) 279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0011-3530
    Topics: History
    Description / Table of Contents: IMMIGRATION AND THE AMERICAN IDEAL
    Notes: PROBLEMS OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:7508-1955-029-71-000003
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of inhibitors to identify essential cysteine proteinases of Trichomonas vaginalis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 149 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Designing cysteine proteinase inhibitors as antitrichomonal drugs requires knowledge of which cysteine proteinases are essential to the parasite. In an attempt to obtain such information, the effects of a number of cysteine proteinase inhibitors on trichomonad growth in vitro and proteinase activity were investigated. The broad specificity inhibitor trans-epoxysuccinyl-l-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane (known as E-64) had little effect on growth of Trichomonas vaginalis (27% inhibition at 280 μM, none at 28 μM) even though the addition of 2.8 μM E-64 to growth medium resulted in inhibition of all but two (apparent molecular masses: 35 k and 49 k) of the parasite's proteinases detected by gelatin SDS-PAGE. This shows that many of the parasite's cysteine proteinases are not essential for growth in axenic culture. In contrast, a peptidyl acyloxymethyl ketone, N-benzoyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala-CH2OCO-(2,6,-(CF3)2)Ph, at 16 μM killed T. vaginalis and severely inhibited growth of Tritrichomonas foetus. Exposure of Trichomonas vaginalis to 16 μM of this compound for 1 h resulted in both the 35 kDa and 49 kDa proteinases being inhibited, whereas some other proteinases were unaffected. Similar distinctions between the inhibitor sensitivity of the parasite's cysteine proteinases were apparent when a biotinylated peptidyl diazomethyl ketone was used to detect active proteinases. These data suggest that the growth inhibitory effects of the peptidyl acyloxymethyl ketone are through inhibition of cysteine proteinases that are not affected when the parasites are grown in the presence of E-64. At least one of these enzymes, which include the 35 kDa and 49 kDa cysteine proteinases, must be essential and so a suitable target for chemotherapeutic attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10306.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane oxidation potential and preliminary analysis of methanotrophs in blanket bog peat using molecular ecology techniques (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 21 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: The potential for methane oxidation was measured, and methanotroph gene sequences studied, in a peat core from the Moorhouse Nature Reserve, UK. Methane oxidation potential was observed in all depths of the peat core (down to 30 cm), and was inhibited by addition of acetylene, indicating the involvement of methane-oxidising bacteria. A peak of activity was shown in the 10–12 cm horizon, below which activity decreased with depth. Above this horizon, methane oxidation was relatively high and showed little change with depth. 16S rDNA libraries from several sections of the peat core were screened with methanotroph 16S rDNA probes designed to detect the genera Methylomonas, Methylococcus, Methylobacter and Methylosinus. Two clones, MHP14 and MHP17, hybridised strongly with the Methylosinus probe and upon complete sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were shown to group closely to the Methylosinus/Methylocystis genera of methanotrophs. However, the clones do form a distinct branch of their own, supported by BOOTSTRAP values, and may represent a novel group of acidophilic methanotrophs which have yet to be cultured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00347.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acid consumption by the parasitic, amoeboid protists Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 130 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Amino acid consumption by Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens has been measured in order to assess the possible roles of amino acids as energy substrates. Mixtures of amino acids enhanced the growth of the parasites in complex medium and their survival in simple medium. The consumption of several amino acids by the parasites suspended in simple media was greater when glucose was absent, suggesting that they may act as alternative energy sources. Under these conditions, asparagine was consumed extremely rapidly by E. histolytica in particular, and arginine, leucine and threonine were used greatly by both species. There was also a marked consumption of aspartate, but this occurred even when glucose was present. These five amino acids and phenylalanine were the ones consumed in greatest amounts during growth of E. histolytica in complex medium. Under the same growth conditions, E. invadens also used asparagine, arginine, leucine and threonine and in addition there was a large consumption of serine and especially glutamate. In contrast, the aspartate concentration in the complex medium increased and there was also a net increase in the concentration of some other amino acids. Alanine was produced by both species when the parasites were incubated in simple medium with glucose, and in greater amounts during growth in complex media, suggesting that it is an end product of energy metabolism. The findings provide support for the suggestion that energy generation through amino acid catabolism may be a characteristic feature of anaerobic parasitic protists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07728.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of a new viability assay to determine the susceptibility of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria sporozoites to respiratory inhibitors and extremes of pH (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 142 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new viability assay for Cryptosporidium and Eimeria sporozoites is described. It involves the use of both acridine orange and bis-benzimide and is more rapid, easier and less subjective than procedures used previously. The assay has been used to investigate the effects of respiratory inhibitors and pH on the sporozoites of C. parvum, C. muris and E. tenella. Neither cyanide nor azide reduced the viability of C. parvum or E. tenella, whereas they had some effect on C. muris. This latter organism, an intracellular parasite of stomach epithelial cells, also differed from the other two in being able to survive pH 2 for as long as 1 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08431.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes of energy metabolism in the bradyzoites and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 137 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The bradyzoite and tachyzoite forms of Toxoplasma gondii, purified from infected animals, were analysed for their activities of phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, NAD+- and NADH-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases, and succinic dehydrogenase. Both developmental stages contained high activities of phosphofructokinase (specific for pyrophosphate rather than ATP), pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, suggesting that energy metabolism in both forms may centre around a high glycolytic flux linked to lactate production. The markedly higher activity of the latter two enzymes in bradyzoites suggests that lactate production is particularly important in this developmental form. NAD+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase was not detectable in either stage of the parasite (and proved useful as a measure of the purity of the bradyzoite preparation), whereas both parasite forms contained low activities of NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase. The results are consistent with the bradyzoites lacking a functional TCA cycle and respiratory chain and are suggestive of a lack of susceptibility of this developmental stage to atovaquone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08090.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An object design framework for structural engineering (1995)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 11 (1995), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Keywords: Communication channel ; Communication path ; Data attribute ; Design object ; Method group ; Object-oriented ; Receiving interface ; Relationship ; Relationship attribute ; Sending method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Object-oriented principles have introduced several useful concepts for developing complex software systems. As a result, several methodologies have been suggested for the overall design of software systems based on these concepts. Methodologies and frameworks for designing objects that are to be part of the software systems are currently lacking. This paper proposes anobject design framework andmethodology, which utilizes the object-oriented concepts, for planning, organizing and designing structural engineering design objects. Design objects in an integrated structural engineering system are complex and often related to each other in various different ways. The paper also identifies several important relationships among structural engineering design objects. These relationships serve as communication channels through wich design objects send messages to and receive responses from each other. Several examples, drawn from reinforced concrete structures, will be presented to demonstrate the object design methodology and to illustrate how the framework is effective in reducing the complexity of design objects in an integrated structural engineering system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208815
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