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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 724-728 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to study the formation of thermal vacancies in the Ti–Al alloy system, high-temperature positron lifetime measurements together with a modeling of defect formation in the framework of nearest-neighbor pair bonds were performed for α2Ti3Al and compared to recent results on γTiAl [U. Brossmann, R. Würschum, K. Badura, and H.-E. Schaefer, Phys. Rev. B 49, 6457 (1994)]. Substantial increases of the positron lifetime τ were observed for Ti65.6Al34.4 and Ti77.1Al22.9 in the temperature range T(approximately-greater-than)1200 K where thermal vacancy concentrations above the detection limit of positron annihilation are expected from the model calculations for the α2 phase. Within the high-temperature increase of the positron lifetime in the α2 and the β phase single-component positron lifetime spectra were observed. This behavior is in contrast to the two-component spectra observed conventionally at intermediate positron trapping rates and is attributed to a fast detrapping and retrapping of positrons at vacancies due to a low positron–vacancy binding energy. For this case, a vacancy formation enthalpy of HFV=(1.55±0.2) eV in α2Ti65.6Al34.4 and HFV=(1.8±0.2) eV in βTi77.1Al22.9 can be derived. These results are discussed in the context of recent 44Ti tracer diffusion studies. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: There is substantial evidence for both metabolic dysfunction and oxidative damage in Huntington's disease (HD). In the present study, we used in vivo microdialysis to measure the conversion of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) as a measure of hydroxyl radical production in a transgenic mouse model of HD, as well as in littermate controls. The conversion of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3,4-DHBA was unchanged in the striatum of transgenic HD mice at baseline. Following administration of the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), there were significant increases in 3,4-DHBA generation in both control and transgenic HD mice, and the increases in the transgenic HD mice were significantly greater than those in controls. Furthermore, administration of 3-NP produced significantly larger striatal lesions in transgenic HD mice than in littermate controls. The present results show increased sensitivity to the mitochondrial toxin 3-NP in transgenic HD mice, which suggests metabolic dysfunction in this mouse model of HD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Vitamin E ; 5/6 Nephrectomy rats ; Oxidative stress ; Malondialdehyde ; Transforming growth factor β ; Glomerulosclerotic index ; Remnant kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Previous studies have shown that reduction of renal mass in the rat remnant kidney model induces overproduction of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). We investigated whether an antioxidant, vitamin E, administered before the renal mass reduction, could prevent oxidative stress, reduce the overproduction of TGFβ1, and mitigate against the subsequent glomerulosclerosis. Our results revealed that the oxidative stress, as measured by the change in plasma malondialdehyde, is significantly reduced by prior vitamin E dietary supplementation. Finally, our data show that dietary vitamin E supplementation ameliorates the rise in TGFβ1 secondary to renal mass reduction and inhibits the glomerular sclerosis of the remnant kidney over the time course of this experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Experimental IgA nephropathy ; Rats ; Malondialdehyde ; Transforming growth factor β1 mRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study investigated the pathogenesis and the time course of kidney injury in experimental IgA nephropathy. In order to determine an appropriate period in the course of experimental IgA nephropathy to study renal injury and repair, we examined proteinuria and IgA deposition in the renal mesangium after 4, 8, and 16 weeks of mucosal challenge by bovine gamma globulins (BGG) provided in the drinking water. The hallmark of IgA deposition in the mesangium was present after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of BGG inoculation, but by 16 weeks, the mesangial IgA deposition had resolved. In addition, we confirmed our previous report on the beneficial effects of α-tocopherol in reducing proteinuria in IgA nephropathy at 8 weeks, and extended this observation to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of α-tocopherol at both 4 weeks and 16 weeks. Proteinuria resolved spontaneously at 16 weeks. There is oxidative stress, as suggested by the elevation in plasma and renal malondialdehyde content, and increased fibrogenic cytokine message, as suggested by elevated transforming growth factor β1 mRNA. These increases were clearly blunted by α-tocopherol at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Treatment with α-tocopherol was associated with a significant reduction in the severity of proteinuria. Thus, our data suggest that the period between 4 and 8 weeks of BGG vaccination could be relevant in designing an appropriate model to study the molecular biology of the pathogenesis of renal injury and the effects of treatment. The 16-week model may be useful in exploring gene expression involved with spontaneous resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 23-25 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Coxsackie-B-Virus-Infektion ; Dermatomyositis ; In-situ-Hybridisierung ; Polymerasekettenreaktion ; Key words Coxsackie-B-virus-infection ; Dermatomyositis ; In situ hybridisation ; Polymerase chain reac- tion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Dermatomyositis in a 7 year old girl was diagnosed two months prior to admission to our pediatric rheumatology program. Serological and molecular biology methods were used to investigate the evidence for a recent coxsackie-B-virusinfection. Serum specimens of the patient were analysed for detection of coxsackie-B-virus antibodies in a neutralization test (NT), the complement fixation reaction (CF) and for IgM antibodies in an enzyme-immuno-assay. Muscle biopsy specimens were examined by means of polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation, using RNA-sequences specific for coxsackie-B-virus. The results in all serological tests were positive, indicating a recent coxsackie-B-virus-infection. However, neither polymerase chain reaction nor in situ hybridisation revealed any persistence of coxsackie-B-virus in the muscle. The results of this study are compatible with published reports. There is strong evidence for a role of coxsackie-B-virus-infection in causing dermatomyositis, but virus persistence in muscle tissue, resulting in chronic inflammation, seems unlikely. Possibly, Coxsackie-B-virus infection is implicated in pathogenesis of dermatomyositis by triggering autoimmune processes in sensitive patients, resulting in chronic inflammation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein 7jähriges Mädchen, bei dem 2 Monate vor der Präsentation in der rheumatologischen Ambulanz der Kinderklinik Tübingen die Diagnose Dermatomyositis gestellt wurde, wurde mit Hilfe von serologischen und molekularbiologischen Untersuchungen auf Zeichen einer Coxsackie-B-Virus-Infektion untersucht. Mit Serumproben der Patientin wurden Antikörper für Coxsackie-B-Virus im Neutralisationstest, in der Komplementbindungsreaktion und für IgM in einem Enzymimmunoassay bestimmt. Ein Muskelbiopsat der Patientin wurde mittels Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) sowie In-situ-Hybridisierung auf Viruspersistenz untersucht. Die serologischen Untersuchungen machten eine vor kurzem durchgemachte Coxsackie-B-Virus-Infektion wahrscheinlich. Allerdings konnte weder mit der PCR noch mit der In-situ-Hybridisierung im Muskelbiopsat Coxsackie-B-Virus-RNA nachgewiesen werden, so daß eine Viruspersistenz in diesem Gewebe ausgeschlossen werden konnte. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung, bei der nach unserem Wissen erstmals alle oben genannten Nachweismethoden an 1 Fall exemplarisch zur Anwendung kamen, sind mit einer Reihe von Berichten aus der Literatur vereinbar. Während Zusammenhänge zwischen Coxsackie-B-Virus-Infektionen und Dermatomyositis belegt sind, muß eine Viruspersistenz im Muskelgewebe als Ursache für eine andauernde Myositis nicht vorliegen. Möglicherweise kommt der Auslösung von Autoimmunreaktionen durch eine Infektion mit Coxsackie-B-Viren eine Bedeutung bei der Pathogenese der Dermatomyositis zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the 1994–1996 trial of medically controlled prescription of narcotics to dependent users, 800 places were ascribed to heroin substitutes, and another 200 for methadone and morphine substitutes. The trial was evaluated with the aid of an accompanying research. Among the results demonstrated in the evaluation was an improvement of the health of the participants. The economic assessment was drawn from observations of health effects within a sub-sample of 142 participants from four centers. In a retrospective statistical survey, for each acute illness which could be influenced through the trial, the number of diagnoses was recorded in the first and thirteenth month after study entry. Also, based on a number of representative cases for each of these acute illnesses, the resource use, i.e. the types and numbers of medical products and services rendered to the patients, was recorded. The results showed a clear decline in depressive episodes, skin diseases, digestive system disorders as well as epileptic attacks and intoxication. Treatment costs could be reduced from a total of CHF 94875.-to CHF 21998.-Imonth or from CHF 22.27 to CHF 5.15/patient per day. The improvement of somatic and psychic health due to the medically controlled prescription of narcotics resulted in a benefit of CHF 17.11/person per day.
    Abstract: Résumé Entre 1994 et 1996, dans le cadre du Projet de prescription de stupéfiants sous contrôle médical, 800 places pour la substitution à l'héroine et 200 places supplémentaires pour la substitution à la méthadone et à la morphine ont été mises à disposition pour le traitement des héroinomanes. Ces essais ont été évalués lors d'une vaste recherche. Les résultats de cette évaluation ont surtout mis en évidence la nette amélioration de l'état de santé des participants. Dans une étude auprès d'un échantillon de 142 participants provenant de 4 centres de traitement, les effets de santé observés ont été retenus pour une évaluation économique. Lors d'une collecte de données rétropectives, on a calculé les différences dans le nombre de diagnostics pour chaque groupe de maladies graves, qui auraient pu être influencées par les essais. Pour les diagnostics, on s'est basé sur un nombre représentatif de cas pour chacune des maladies graves, on a donné une valeur aux biens et services médicaux et aux coûts de traitement y relatifs. Les résultats montrent une nette diminution dans les traitements des épisodes dépressifs, des maladies de la peau, des infections des organes digestifs, ainsi que des crises d'épilepsie et des intoxications. Les coûts de traitement ont été globalement évalués à frs. 94875.-, à l'entrée dans les essais et à frs. 21998.-après une année. Ces derniers ont donc diminué de frs. 22.27 à frs. 5.15 par participant et par jour. Dans le domaine de la santé somatique et psychique, un bénéfice de frs. 17.11 par personne et par jour a été fait durant le traitement au sein du projet de prescription médicale de stupéfiants.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Versuche zur ärztlichen Verschreibung von Betäubungsmitteln wurden in den Jahren 1994–96 für Heroinsubstitution 800 Plätze, für Methadon- und Morphinsubstitution weitere 200 Plätze zur Verfügung gestellt. Diese Versuche wurden in einer umfassenden Begleitforschung evaluiert. Im Ergebnis der Evaluation wurde unter anderem eine Verbesserung der Gesundheit der Teilnehmenden aufgezeigt. Diese gesundheitlichen Effekte wurden an einer Teilstichprobe von 142 Teilnehmern aus vier Behandlungszentren einer ökonomischen Bewertung unterzogen. In einer retrospektiven Datenerhebung wurden die Differenzen der Anzahl Diagnosen für jene akuten Krankheiten ermittelt, die durch die Behandlung in den Versuchen beeinflusst werden können. Für diese Diagnosen wurde zusätzlich bei einer Anzahl repräsentativer Fälle die für die Krankheitsbehandlung aufgewendeten medizinischen Güter und Dienstleistungen erhoben. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich ein deutlicher Rückgang bei behandelten depressiven Episoden, Hauterkrankungen, Affektionen der Verdauungsorgane sowie epileptischen Anfällen und Intoxikationen. Dadurch konnten die Behandlungskosten von CHF94875.-auf CHF21998.-pro Monat resp. von CHF 22,27 auf CHF 5,15 pro Patienten und Tag gesenkt werden. Somit ergibt sich im Bereich der somatischen und psychischen Gesundheit ein Nutzen der ärztlichen Verschreibung von Betäubungsmitteln von CHF 17,11 pro Person und Tag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental nephrology 3 (1999), S. 250-253 
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: Key wordsα-Tocopherol ; 5/6 Nephrectomy ; Remnant ; Phospholipase A2 mRNA ; Activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. Glomerulosclerosis is a characteristic feature in the subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy, remnant kidney model in the rat. It is postulated that oxidative stress from this renal mass reduction may induce the glomerular and tubular injury leading eventually to glomerulosclerosis. In support of this line of reasoning, an antioxidant, α-tocopherol, has been recently demonstrated to prevent such injury. Because group IIA phospholipase A2 is upregulated in a variety of injuries including ischemic proximal tubular necrosis, we examined whether up-regulation of phospholipase A2 is associated with the initiation of injury leading to the glomerulosclerosis and whether α-tocopherol can modulate such activity. Methods. We set out to examine whether secretory group IIA phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) mRNA levels (Northern analysis) are increased in the remnant kidney and whether α-tocopherol has the capacity to modulate steady-state sPLA2 transcription levels. Results. Our data indicate that there is overproduction of sPLA2 message, and that α-tocopherol reduces the steady-state levels of sPLA2 mRNA in the remnant kidney. Total PLA2 enzymatic activity from homogenate of the remnant kidney strongly paralleled the Northern data. Conclusion. The results support a possible role of sPLA2 in the renal injury accompanying sudden reduction of renal mass and provide an additional rationale for the potential utility of α-tocopherol in modulating such injury in progressive renal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 160 (1942), S. 74-82 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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