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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulocytendysfunktion (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 643-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Granulocytes ; function ; inborn defects ; chemotaxis ; opsonisation ; phagocytosis ; intracellular microbicidal activity ; Granulocyten ; Funktion ; angeborene Defekte ; Chemotaxis ; Opsonierung ; Phagocytose ; intracelluläre Keimabtötung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Funktion der Granulocyten und deren Störungen findet zunehmend Beachtung. Die vorliegende Übersicht soll den augenblicklichen Stand des Wissens zusammenfassen. Im ersten von zwei Teilen wird ein Überblick über die molekulare Basis der Granulocytenfunktion gegeben und die wesentlichsten angeborenen Störungen der Chemotaxis, Opsonierung, Phagocytose und intracellulären Abtötung von Keimen werden referiert.
    Notes: Summary The insight in the function and dysfunction of granulocytes lately arouses more and more interest. This report summarises our present knowledge. In the first of two chapters the authors review the molecular basis of granulocyte function and the inborn defects of chemotaxis, opsonisation, phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria and fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01469293
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impairment of granulocyte function in juvenile diabetes (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 1057-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chemotaxis ; Diabetes ; Granulocyten ; intracelluläre Abtötung ; NBT-Index ; Phagocytose ; Chemotaxis ; Diabetes ; Granulocytes ; intracellular killing ; NBT-index ; Phagocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Granulocyte function of 10 diabetic children has been investigated. At the time of testing the diabetes was in poor control. Five children were retested one week later after adjustment of diet and insulin dose. In contrast to some reports we did not find a phagocytic defect in the ingestion of particles, but the capacity of intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus was impaired. Chemotaxis was also reduced whereas the NBT-index and intracellular killing of Candida albicans were normal. Better control of the diabetes led to an improvement of bactericidal killing capacity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 10 Kindern mit Diabetes wurde die Funktion der Granulocyten getestet. Zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung waren die Patienten schlecht eingestellt. Fünf Kinder wurden nach Korrektur der Insulindosis und der Diät eine Woche später erneut getestet. Im Gegensatz zu Berichten aus der Literatur fanden wir keine verringerte Ingestion von Partikeln. Dagegen war die intracelluläre Abtötung von Staphylococcus aureus gestört. Die chemotaktische Aktivität war ebenfalls verringert, während der NBT-Index und die intracelluläre Abtötung von Candida albicans normal waren. Optimale Einstellung des Diabetes führte zu einer Verbesserung der Abtötungsfähigkeit gegenüber Bakterien.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01614381
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lung diseases after bone marrow transplantation (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 595-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lung diseases ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Clinic ; Radiology ; Histology ; Immunology ; Lung function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The case histories of 72 subsequently treated patients — 44 with acute leukemia, 10 with chronic myeloid leukemia, 16 with severe aplastic anemia and 2 with neuroblastoma — were analyzed after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with respect to pulmonary diseases. Thirty-eight patients suffered from a total of 51 pulmonary complications, which led to death in 20. Of 13 patients, 3 died of bacterial pneumonia, all of them during granulocytopenia; 2 of 6 patients died of fungal pneumonia and 2 out of 3 of a mixed bacterialmycotic infection. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) led to death in 2 patients. A granulocyte count under 500/µl correlated significantly (P〈0.002) with the fatal outcome of bacterial, fungal and ARDS pneumonia as well as with bronchitis. Viral pneumonia led to death in 8 of 9 patients; in each there was a significant correlation (P〈0.05) with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Patients with repeated episodes of pulmonary illness had significantly more chronic GvHD (P〈0.05); several of these patients displayed a reduction in helper T cells and an increase in suppressor T cells in the peripheral blood. The natural killer (NK) cells were reduced and the percentage of activated NK cell level lay between 6% and 69%. B-cells were absent or deficient. These findings explain in part the absence of specific antibody reactivity. Five of these patients also contracted GvHD-associated obstructive bronchiolitis, which did not respond to therapy. Pulmonary infiltrates of unknown origin (including idiopathic interstitial pneumonia) occurred in 8 of the patients (11.1%), with a fatal outcome in 3 patients. Significant changes (P〈0.05) in lung function after BMT appeared in the form of reduced vital capacity (VC) increased residual volume (RV) and an increase in RV expressed as the percentage of total lung capacity. Pulmonary diseases were the most common complication and cause of death in our patients after BMT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01735262
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of human fibroblast interferon on natural killer cell activity: Stimulation in vitro and inhibition in vivo (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 625-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Interferon ; NK cells ; in vivo ; Interferon ; NK-Zellen ; in vivo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die zytotoxische Aktivität der natürlichen Killerzellen (NK) wurde bei gesunden Spendern und Patienten mit Plasmocytom unter dem Einfluß von humanem Fibroblasteninterferon (IFN-β) in vitro und in vivo gemessen. IFN-β steigerte die NK-Aktivität gegenüber allen getesteten Zielzellen in vitro dosisabhängig bis zu 250% des Ausgangswertes. Bei weiterer Erhöhung der IFN-Konzentration nahm die Stimulation wieder ab. Die Stimulation war bei niedriger Lymphozyten-Zielzell-Relation am deutlichsten zu sehen. Eine 1- bis 2stündige Präinkubation der Effektorzellen mit Interferon reichte aus, um die maximale Stimulation zu erreichen. Wurde der Einfluß von IFN-β auf NK-Zellen in vivo im Blut von Interferon-behandelten Patienten mit Plasmocytom gemessen, zeigte sich eine deutliche Verminderung der Toxizität gegenüber allen getesteten Zielzellen während der ersten Infusion im Vergleich mit dem Ausgangswert vor Interferon-Therapie.
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the influence of human fibroblast interferon (IFN-β) on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells (NK) in vitro and in vivo using the blood of healthy donors and myeloma patients. IFN-β stimulates NK activity against all target cells tested in vitro in a dose-dependent way up to 250% of pretreatment values. At higher IFN concentrations, stimulation returned to baseline values. Stimulation was most pronounced in the lowest lymphocyte to target cell ratio. 1- to 2-h preincubation of effector cells with IFN was enough to achieve maximal stimulation. The effector cells of IFN-treated myeloma-patients, or patients with herpes zoster, showed a clear reduction of toxicity against all cells tested during the first infusion, as compared to the pretreatment values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711438
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia in second or subsequent remission (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 1081-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Acute leukemia ; Recurrent leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one patients with acute leukemia in second to fifth remission were treated with bone marrow transplantation: 19 patients with transplants from HLA-matched siblings and two with transplants from identical twins. Twelve patients survived from 15 to 1,625 days after transplantation: six of 11 in the ALL group and six of 10 in the AML group. Recurrence of leukemia after marrow transplantation occurred in five patients. The cause of death in five patients was infection, in two patients combined with graft-versushost disease. Long-term disease-free survival can probably be achieved in 30%–35% of all patients with acute leukemia who receive a marrow transplant in second or subsequent remission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711377
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knochenmarktransplantation bei akuter Leukämie, chronisch myeloischer Leukämie, schwerer aplastischer Anämie und Neuroblastom Stadium IV. Einfluß antiviraler Prophylaxe mit Anti-CMV-Hyperimmunglobulin und Azyklovir (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 452-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Anti-CMV hypergammaglobulin ; Azyklovir ; Conditioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bone marrow transplantation was performed between IV/82 and X/85 in 64 patients with acute leukemia (n=36), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML;n=13), severe aplastic anemia (n=12), and neuroblastoma stage IV (n=3). Of these patients 57 received allogeneic marrow from HLA-ABCDR identical, MLC-negative sibling donors. Six transplants were performed with syngenic marrow and one with autologous marrow. Of the 64 patients 48 survived 40-1,250 days after transplantation, resulting in a survival rate (SR) of 75% and a survival probability (SP) of 71%. Of the 36 patients suffering from acute leukemia (SR=64%, SP=51%), patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (n=11; SR=81%, SP=76%), as well as patients with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) in 1st to 4th complete remission at the time of transplantation (n=14; SR=81%, SP=76%) show a favorable prognosis. A poor survival rate was seen for patients with AML when transplanted in second or partial remission (1/5; SR=20%), as well as for patients suffering from ALL and transplanted during relapse or partial remission (1/6; SR=16%). Of 13 patients suffering from CML 12 survived the transplantation free of relapse (SR=93%, SP=92%), and one patient died from varicella zoster pneumonia. Of the transplanted patients with severe aplastic anemia, 12 of 13 are surviving with complete hematologic reconstitution; one patient, however, died on day 10 from a sepsis. In our patient group, the SR as well as the SP has been improved through changes in the irradiation protocol concomitant with prophylactic application of anti-CMV hypergammaglobulin, as well as through additional oral medication of Azyklovir. The 41 patients (BMT No. 7–47) with total body irradiation at one time-show an SR of 44% and an SP of 41%. The following 46 patients (BMT No. 48–93) have reached an SR of 83% and an SP of 74% under the regimen of fractionated total body irradiation, plus prophylaxis with anti-CMV hypergammaglobulin and Azyklovir. Within this group, no fatal CMV pneumonia was encountered as opposed to six patients lost from CMV pneumonia in the first group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01713171
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute folic acid deficiency after bone marrow transplantation (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 423-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Folic acid deficiency ; Graft versus host disease ; Megaloblastic marrow ; Hematopoetic recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After bone marrow transplantation (BMT), megaloblastic bone marrow changes are often observed that can only be partially explained by drug effects. Our goal was to find out whether folic acid deficiency represented an additional factor. The serum folic acid concentrations of 41 patients were determined regularly before and after BMT. A 2nd degree polynomial regression analysis revealed a clear and acute drop in folic acid concentrations within 7–9 days after BMT. In 19 patients the level fell below 3.0 ng/ml, the range of folic acid deficiency. The mean folic acid values without oral administration of folic acid after BMT lay significantly below the mean values with substitution (P〈0.001). If a case of acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) was more severe than grade I, the mean folic acid levels were significantly lower (P〈0.01). Patients with megaloblastic bone marrow changes after BMT had significantly lower folic acid values than those without such changes (P〈0.01). The 18 patients with folic acid deficiency had a significantly higher rate of megaloblasts, binucleate erythropoietic precursors, Howell-Jolly bodies, giant myelocytes, and giant metamyelocytes in bone marrow smears than the remaining 23 patients (P〈0.05). Folic acid deficiency did not slow down the increase in leukocytes, granulocytes, thrombocytes, or reticulocytes after BMT. There were 8.2%–9.7% hypersegmented neutrophils in the blood (normal 5%) after BMT both with and without folic acid deficiency. Folic acid deficiency after BMT was caused by insufficient intake combined with simultaneous decreased intestinal resorption and increased requirements for the regeneration of bone marrow and intestinal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727528
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knochenmarktransplantation bei Patienten mit Leukämien (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1279-1287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Acute leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between October 1979 and March 1982, bone marrow transplantations were performed by the Tübingen Group for BMT on 19 patients with acute leukemia in remission and on one patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia in chronic phase. The conditioning regimen consisted of 2×60 mg cyclophosphamide/kg and 10 Gy whole-body irradiation with the linear accelerator. The lung dose was limited by shielding to 8 Gy. In 15 patients, the bone marrow cell suspension of the donor was preincubated with antihuman T-cell globulin (AHTCG) for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). All patients showed prompt engraftment of donor cells with good hemopoietic function and complete chimerism. Under reverse isolation in sterile units, no severe bacterial or fungal infections were seen in the phase of bone marrow aplasia. Twelve in twenty patients survived between 25 and 900 days. A severe GVHD was seen only in two patients — one after preincubation with AHTCG. One patient died from relapse of his leukemia, another patient had a testicular relapse which was treated with local radiotherapy. Major problems were seen with chronic GVHD (six patients) and infectious complications, most importantly interstitial pneumonia, in the late post-transplant period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727484
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Funktionen der körpereigenen Abwehr gegen Anaerobier bei Gesunden und Patienten mit chronisch-septischer Granulomatose (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Anaerobic infections ; Bacteroides ; Defense mechanisms ; Chronic granulomatous disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Different strains ofBacteroides fragilis exhibit great differences in sensitivity towards serum from healthy volunteers. In the presence of 10% autologous serum, neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes (macrophages) caused significant killing ofB. fragilis. The measured phagocytic and killing activity of the cells is comparable to their activity against aerobic bacteria (S. aureus). In four patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, phagocytosis was normal but killing ofB. fragilis andS. aureus in granulocytes or monocytes (macrophages) was appreciably lowered. This malfunction of the cells was accompanied by a disturbance in oxidative metabolism and inadequate iodination after phagocytosis ofB. fragilis. The results suggest that granulocytes and monocytes play an important role in host defense against endogenous infections with anaerobes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728602
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulocytendysfunktion (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 739-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Granulocytes function ; secondary defects ; chemotaxis ; opsonisation ; phagocytosis ; intracellular microbicidal activity ; Granulocyten ; Funktion ; sekundäre Defekte ; Chemotaxis ; Opsonierung ; Phagocytose ; intrazelluläre Keimabtötung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil dieser Übersicht haben wir einen Überblick über die molekulare Basis der Granulocytenfunktion und deren wesentlichsten angeborenen Störungen gegeben. Der vorliegende zweite Teil soll das gegenwärtige Wissen über die sekundären Störungen der Chemotaxis, Opsonierung, Phagocytose und intracellulären Keimabtötung zusammenfassen.
    Notes: Summary In the first part we reviewed both the molecular basis of granulocyte function and the inborn defects. The present chapter summarizes our knowledge of the secondary defects of chemotaxis, opsonisation, phagocytosis and intracellular microbicidal activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01614854
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