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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulocytendysfunktion (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 643-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Granulocytes ; function ; inborn defects ; chemotaxis ; opsonisation ; phagocytosis ; intracellular microbicidal activity ; Granulocyten ; Funktion ; angeborene Defekte ; Chemotaxis ; Opsonierung ; Phagocytose ; intracelluläre Keimabtötung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Funktion der Granulocyten und deren Störungen findet zunehmend Beachtung. Die vorliegende Übersicht soll den augenblicklichen Stand des Wissens zusammenfassen. Im ersten von zwei Teilen wird ein Überblick über die molekulare Basis der Granulocytenfunktion gegeben und die wesentlichsten angeborenen Störungen der Chemotaxis, Opsonierung, Phagocytose und intracellulären Abtötung von Keimen werden referiert.
    Notes: Summary The insight in the function and dysfunction of granulocytes lately arouses more and more interest. This report summarises our present knowledge. In the first of two chapters the authors review the molecular basis of granulocyte function and the inborn defects of chemotaxis, opsonisation, phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria and fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01469293
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impairment of granulocyte function in juvenile diabetes (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 1057-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chemotaxis ; Diabetes ; Granulocyten ; intracelluläre Abtötung ; NBT-Index ; Phagocytose ; Chemotaxis ; Diabetes ; Granulocytes ; intracellular killing ; NBT-index ; Phagocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Granulocyte function of 10 diabetic children has been investigated. At the time of testing the diabetes was in poor control. Five children were retested one week later after adjustment of diet and insulin dose. In contrast to some reports we did not find a phagocytic defect in the ingestion of particles, but the capacity of intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus was impaired. Chemotaxis was also reduced whereas the NBT-index and intracellular killing of Candida albicans were normal. Better control of the diabetes led to an improvement of bactericidal killing capacity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 10 Kindern mit Diabetes wurde die Funktion der Granulocyten getestet. Zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung waren die Patienten schlecht eingestellt. Fünf Kinder wurden nach Korrektur der Insulindosis und der Diät eine Woche später erneut getestet. Im Gegensatz zu Berichten aus der Literatur fanden wir keine verringerte Ingestion von Partikeln. Dagegen war die intracelluläre Abtötung von Staphylococcus aureus gestört. Die chemotaktische Aktivität war ebenfalls verringert, während der NBT-Index und die intracelluläre Abtötung von Candida albicans normal waren. Optimale Einstellung des Diabetes führte zu einer Verbesserung der Abtötungsfähigkeit gegenüber Bakterien.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01614381
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phagocyte dysfunction in common variable immune deficiency (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 735-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Variables Immunmangelsyndrom ; Neutropathie ; Monozytendysfunktion ; Folsäuremangel ; Common variable immune deficiency ; Neutrophil-monocyte dysfunction ; Deficiency of folic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The history of a 13-year old boy is reported who suffered from frequent bacterial, enteroviral, and protozoal infections since late infancy. A decrease in the serum levels of IgG2, IgG3, IgA, a neutrophil dysfunction, and a partial cellular immune deficiency could be demonstrated. A deficiency of folic acid produced a pancytopenia which enhanced the patient's susceptibility to infections. The combined substitution of gammaglobulins and folic acid only was able to break this vicious cycle.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen 13jährigen Jungen berichtet, der seit der späten Säuglingszeit an häufig wiederkehrenden bakteriellen, enteroviralen und protozoalen Infekten erkrankte. Neben der Erniedrigung der IgG2- IgG3- sowie IgA-Serumspiegel wurden eine Neutropathie und eine partielle Störung der zellulären Infektabwehr gefunden. Ein Folsäuremangel führte zur Panzytopenie und erhöhte damit noch die Infektanfälligkeit. Erst die kombinierte Substitution von Gammaglobulinen und Folsäure vermochte den Circulus vitiosus zu durchbrechen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476960
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical analysis of granulocyte function in 154 patients with different diseases (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1289-1295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Recurrent infections ; Compromised host ; Granulocyte dysfunction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several granulocyte functions were analyzed in vitro in 154 patients with chronic or recurrent infections, as well as in a variety of disorders known or suspected to affect host resistance. Only a few specific abnormalities were diagnostic and occurred in congenital, hereditary disorders. Opposed to these permanent changes are those which were probably acquired or transient and are often multifactorial in origin. In the majority of these patients, an inconstant and nonspecific pattern emerged which is not helpful in the diagnosis of underlying disease. In selected patients, however, and as research procedures, these and related tests should be helpful in elucidating the basic functions of granulocytes and may implicate therapeutical approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727485
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Schockdiagnostik: Der Nachweis von Endotoxin und Mucopeptid mit demLimulus polyphemus-Lysat-Test (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Shock ; endotoxin ; mucopeptide ; limulus-test ; Schock ; Endotoxin ; Mucopeptid ; Limulus-Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nicht nur die Endotoxine gramnegativer Bakterien, sondern auch die Mucopeptide verschiedener grampositiver Erreger können eine Gelierung von Amöbocytenlysaten ausLimulus polyphemus (LPL) hervorrufen. Offenbar abhängig von dem Grad der Solubilisierung ist die Wirksamkeit der Mucopeptide zwischen 1000 und 100000mal geringer als die von Endotoxin. Im Gegensatz zu Endotoxin hat die Behandlung von Mucopeptid mit Lysozym eine Abnahme bzw. einen vollständigen Verlust seiner Aktivität im LPL-Test zur Folge. Ein so behandeltes Mucopeptid ist im einfachen Capillarpräcipitationstest unter Verwendung von Antiseren gegen Mucopeptid ebenfalls nicht mehr präcipitierbar. Die Möglichkeit, die LPL-Aktivität von Mucopeptid durch Vorbehandlung mit Lysozym aufzuheben, erlaubt eine Abgrenzung gegenüber der Endotoxin-bedingten LPL-Gelierung. Bei im LPL-Test positiven Blutproben von Patienten mit Verdacht auf Endotoxämie könnte also eine Mucopeptid-induzierte LPL-Reaktion durch Vorbehandlung mit Lysozym ausgeschlossen werden.
    Notes: Summary Gelation of amebocyte lysate fromLimulus polyphemus (LPL) is induced not only by endotoxins of gramnegative bacteria but also by mucopeptides of various grampositive organisms. Solubilization considerably increases mucopeptide LPL-activity. Total activity of mucopeptide, however, is about 1000-100 000 times smaller than that of endotoxin. In contrast to endotoxin, treatment of mucopeptide with lysozyme causes decrease or complete loss of LPL-activity. Also mucopeptide thus handled does not react any more in the capillary precipitin test. The possibility to destroy mucopeptide LPL-activity by pretreatment with lysozyme permits differentiation from LPL-gelation by endotoxin. In blood specimens of patients with suspected endotoxemia and positive LPL-test mucopeptide induced LPL-reaction therefore can be excluded by pretreatment with lysozyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01614393
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defects in granulocyte function in various chromosome abnormalities (down's-, edwards'-, cri-du-chat syndrome) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Granulocyten ; Chemotaxis ; Phagocytose ; Intrazelluläre Keimabtötung ; Down-, Edwards, Cri-du-chat-Syndrom ; Granulocytes ; Chemotaxis ; Phagocytosis ; Intracellular microbicidal activity ; Down's-, Edwards'-, Cri-du-chat Syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In five infants with autosomal aberrations and diminished resistance to infection (in spite of intact humoral and cellular immune mechanisms) several granulocyte functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, intracellular killing and metabolism of killing) were measured. A serum-dependent or a cell-dependent disturbance of phagocytosis of Candida albicans was found in two infants with cat-cry syndrome and one with trisomy 18. In one of these children there was an additional serum dependent defect of the killing of Candida albicans and of Staphylococcus aureus, serum levels of opsonins (IgG, IgM, CH50 and C3) being within normal range. An infant with trisomy 21 showed, in addition to a cellular defect of chemotaxis, a reduced cellular ability of the killing of Staphylococcus aureus and of Escherichia coli in autologous and AB-pool-serum. Phagocytosis of these bacteria remained normal.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei fünf Säuglingen mit Autosomenaberrationen, herabgesetzter Infektresistenz und intaktem humoralen und zellulären Immunapparat wurden die Granulocytenfunktionen Chemotaxis, Phagocytose, intrazelluläre Erregerabtötung und einige Stoffwechselvorgänge experimentell untersucht. Eine serumabhängige bzw. zelluläre Phagocytoseschwäche für Candida albicans bestand bei zwei Säuglingen mit Cri-du-chat-Syndrome und einem anderen mit Trisomie 18. Bei einem dieser Kinder bestand zusätzlich eine serumabhängige, verzögerte Erregerabtötung von Candida albicans sowie von Staphylococcus aureus, wobei die Serumspiegel der Opsonine IgG, IgM, CH 50 und C3 normal waren. Ein Säugling mit Trisomie 21 bot außer einem zellulären Chemotaxisdefekt ein verringertes zelluläres Abtötungsvermögen für Staphylococcus aureus sowie Escherichia coli im Eigen- und im Fremdserum. Die Phagocytose dieser Keime hingegen verlief ungestört.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01468883
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High granulocyte yield with a simple method of filtration leukapheresis (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Filtrationsleukapherese ; Granulozyten ; Phagozytose ; Intrazelluläre Keimabtötung ; Chemotaxis ; Filtration leukapheresis ; Granulocytes ; Phagocytosis ; Intracellular microbicidal activity ; Chemotaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A simple continuous filtration leukapheresis has been devised whereby two Leuko-Pak filters can be charged and eluted within 5 h with approximately 12 l of blood in a closed system of tubes. Blood flows by means of gravity without the use of pumps. Without premedication with prednisolone the average yield from 10 donors was 3.66×1010 granulocytes per leukapheresis and after premedication with 150 mg prednisolone orally it was 6.44×1010 granulocytes per leukapheresis. The in vitro function of filter granulocytes was not reduced even after premedication with prednisolone. In comparison with leukapheresis by blood cell separators this modified method of filtration leukapheresis offers the following advantages: 1) the granulocyte yield per litre of whole blood processed is higher, 2) technical assistants in a blood-bank can carry out the method on several donors simultaneously, 3) the method is more economical than leukapheresis by blood cell separators.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine einfache kontinuierliche Filtrationsleukapherese (FL) zur Gewinnung von Granulozyten entwickelt, mit der zwei Leuko-Pak-Filter innerhalb von 5 h mit etwa 12 Liter Blut im geschlossenen System beschickt und eluiert werden können. Der Blutfluß erfolgt dabei ohne Pumpe allein durch Schwerkraft. Die durchschnittliche Ausbeute betrug bei 10 Spendern ohne Vorbehandlung mit Prednisolon 3,66×1010 Granulozyten pro Leukapherese, nach Vorbehandlung mit 150 mg Prednisolon p.o. 6,44×1010 Granulozyten pro Leukapherese. In vitro-Tests zeigten, auch nach Gabe von Prednisolon, keine Einschränkung der Funktionsfähigkeit der Filtergranulozyten. Die vorliegende modifizierte Form der FL hat im Vergleich zur Leukapherese durch Blutzellseparatoren folgende Vorteile: 1. Die Granulozytenausbeute bezogen auf Liter separiertes Vollblut ist höher. 2. Die Methode kann durch Hilfspersonal in einer Blutbank an mehreren Spendern gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden und sie ist 3. wirtschaftlicher als die Leukapherese mit Blutzellseparatoren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477296
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Funktionen der körpereigenen Abwehr gegen Anaerobier bei Gesunden und Patienten mit chronisch-septischer Granulomatose (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Anaerobic infections ; Bacteroides ; Defense mechanisms ; Chronic granulomatous disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Different strains ofBacteroides fragilis exhibit great differences in sensitivity towards serum from healthy volunteers. In the presence of 10% autologous serum, neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes (macrophages) caused significant killing ofB. fragilis. The measured phagocytic and killing activity of the cells is comparable to their activity against aerobic bacteria (S. aureus). In four patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, phagocytosis was normal but killing ofB. fragilis andS. aureus in granulocytes or monocytes (macrophages) was appreciably lowered. This malfunction of the cells was accompanied by a disturbance in oxidative metabolism and inadequate iodination after phagocytosis ofB. fragilis. The results suggest that granulocytes and monocytes play an important role in host defense against endogenous infections with anaerobes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728602
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulocytendysfunktion (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 739-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Granulocytes function ; secondary defects ; chemotaxis ; opsonisation ; phagocytosis ; intracellular microbicidal activity ; Granulocyten ; Funktion ; sekundäre Defekte ; Chemotaxis ; Opsonierung ; Phagocytose ; intrazelluläre Keimabtötung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil dieser Übersicht haben wir einen Überblick über die molekulare Basis der Granulocytenfunktion und deren wesentlichsten angeborenen Störungen gegeben. Der vorliegende zweite Teil soll das gegenwärtige Wissen über die sekundären Störungen der Chemotaxis, Opsonierung, Phagocytose und intracellulären Keimabtötung zusammenfassen.
    Notes: Summary In the first part we reviewed both the molecular basis of granulocyte function and the inborn defects. The present chapter summarizes our knowledge of the secondary defects of chemotaxis, opsonisation, phagocytosis and intracellular microbicidal activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01614854
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of concomitant food intake on the oral absorption of two triazole antifungal agents, itraconazole and fluconazole (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fluconazole ; Itraconazole ; pharmacokinetics ; food interaction ; gastric emptying time ; pH radiocapsule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of the triazole antimycotics fluconazole and itraconazole was investigated in a randomised, parallel group, single dose study in 24 healthy subjects. Each group took either a 100 mg capsule of fluconazole or a 100 mg capsule of itraconazole, pre-prandially or after a light meal or a full meal, in a three-way crossover design. Gastric and intestinal pH were measured with a co-administered radio-telemetric pH capsule, and gastric emptying time of the capsule (GET) was taken as the maximum gastric residence time of drug and food. The plasma AUC and Cmax of itraconazole were significantly different under the various conditions and the mean AUC was greatest after the full meal. The bioavailability (90% confidence intervals) of itraconazole relative to that after the full meal, was 54% (41–77%) on an empty stomach and 86% (65–102%) after a light meal. The criteria for bioequivalence were not attained. In contrast, the bioavailability (90% CI) of fluconazole relative to the full meal was 110% pre-prandially (100–115%) and 102% after the light meal (88–103%), and the criteria for bioequivalence were attained. Itraconazole absorption was promoted by low stomach pH, long gastric retention time and a high fat content of the coadministered meal, whereas the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole was relatively insensitive to physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199879
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