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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 613-620 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Parathyroid carcinoma ; Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma ; Therapeutic implications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. It deserves special attention in regard to diagnosis and treatment. Within a period of 10 years we observed 117 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) at the University Hospitals of Ulm and Heidelberg. In five patients a parathyroid carcinoma was found, corresponding to an incidence of 4.4%. In four of five patients no clinical signs were evident preoperatively indicating a parathyroid malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Shock ; endotoxin ; mucopeptide ; limulus-test ; Schock ; Endotoxin ; Mucopeptid ; Limulus-Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nicht nur die Endotoxine gramnegativer Bakterien, sondern auch die Mucopeptide verschiedener grampositiver Erreger können eine Gelierung von Amöbocytenlysaten ausLimulus polyphemus (LPL) hervorrufen. Offenbar abhängig von dem Grad der Solubilisierung ist die Wirksamkeit der Mucopeptide zwischen 1000 und 100000mal geringer als die von Endotoxin. Im Gegensatz zu Endotoxin hat die Behandlung von Mucopeptid mit Lysozym eine Abnahme bzw. einen vollständigen Verlust seiner Aktivität im LPL-Test zur Folge. Ein so behandeltes Mucopeptid ist im einfachen Capillarpräcipitationstest unter Verwendung von Antiseren gegen Mucopeptid ebenfalls nicht mehr präcipitierbar. Die Möglichkeit, die LPL-Aktivität von Mucopeptid durch Vorbehandlung mit Lysozym aufzuheben, erlaubt eine Abgrenzung gegenüber der Endotoxin-bedingten LPL-Gelierung. Bei im LPL-Test positiven Blutproben von Patienten mit Verdacht auf Endotoxämie könnte also eine Mucopeptid-induzierte LPL-Reaktion durch Vorbehandlung mit Lysozym ausgeschlossen werden.
    Notes: Summary Gelation of amebocyte lysate fromLimulus polyphemus (LPL) is induced not only by endotoxins of gramnegative bacteria but also by mucopeptides of various grampositive organisms. Solubilization considerably increases mucopeptide LPL-activity. Total activity of mucopeptide, however, is about 1000-100 000 times smaller than that of endotoxin. In contrast to endotoxin, treatment of mucopeptide with lysozyme causes decrease or complete loss of LPL-activity. Also mucopeptide thus handled does not react any more in the capillary precipitin test. The possibility to destroy mucopeptide LPL-activity by pretreatment with lysozyme permits differentiation from LPL-gelation by endotoxin. In blood specimens of patients with suspected endotoxemia and positive LPL-test mucopeptide induced LPL-reaction therefore can be excluded by pretreatment with lysozyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 49-57 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Peptidolycans ; Cell Wall ; Endotoxins ; Inflammation ; Adjuvants (Immunologic) ; Peptidoglycan ; Zellwand (bakterielle) ; Endotoxin ; Entzündung ; Adjuvans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Einleitend wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Ultrastruktur, die chemische Zusammensetzung und die immunologischen Eigenschaften der Peptidolycane (Mureine, Mucopeptide) gegeben. Daran anschließend werden die in den letzten Jahren entdeckten biologischen Wirkungen dieser bei allen Bakterien vorhandenen Zellwandkomponente beschrieben. Im wesentlichen handelt es sich um drei Gruppen von Aktivitäten. 1. Endotoxin-ähnliche Wirkungen: Pyrogenität, Auslösung der lokalen Shwartzman-Reaktion, Steigerung der unspezifischen Resistenz gegen bakterielle Infektionen, Freisetzung von 5-Hydroxytryptamin aus Thrombocyten, Aktivierung von Komplement, Gelierung von Amöbocyten-Lysat. 2. Entzündliche Reaktionen der Haut und der inneren Organe, Aggressin-Wirkung (Virulenzfaktor), Hemmung der Bakterien-Phagocytose bei Granulocyten und Macrophagen, Cytotoxizität gegenüber Granulocyten und Macrophagen. 3. Potenzierung der humoralen und cellulären Immunantwort (Adjuvans-Wirksamkeit), Förderung der Tumorabwehr im Tierexperiment. Der potentielle Wirkungsmechanismus, welcher den verschiedenen biologischen Aktivitäten der Peptidoglycane zugrunde liegt, wird diskutiert und auf die Bedeutung dieser Befunde für die Medizin hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary A brief survey on the ultrastructure, the chemical composition and the immunological properties of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (mucopeptide) is presented. This paper deals with the various recently discovered biological activities of peptidoglycan. These could be divided into three different groups, namely: 1. Endotoxin-like properties: pyrogenicity, induction of the local Shwartzman reaction, increase in non-specific resistance to bacterial infection, release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from rabbit platelets, complement activation, gelation of amebocyte lysate. 2. Inflammatory reactions of skin and internal organs, aggressin activity (virulence factor), inhibition of phagocytosis of bacteria by granulocytes and macrophages, inhibition of growth of cell cultures, cytotoxity to granulocytes and macrophages. 3. Potentiation of humoral and cellular immune responses (adjuvant), enhancement of tumor defense in experimental animals. The potential mechanisms of action of peptidoglycan are discussed and attention is focused on the implications of the various peptidoglycan activities for medicine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Germ cell tumors ; Gonadal toxicity ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The impact of aggressive chemotherapy on reproductive and endocrine gonadal function was prospectively studied in 44 patients with germ cell tumors. Diagnostic procedures to determine gonadal toxicity consisted of hormone determinations, semen analyses, interviews with a standardized questionnaire, and gonadal histology. After chemotherapy all patients showed elevated serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and azoospermia due to germ cell and stem cell loss. Recovery of spermatogenesis, as indicated by normalization of serum FSH levels and sperm density, occurred in 77% of the patients 25–60 months after cessation of chemotherapy. In all patients serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) values remained within normal limits after therapy indicating resistance of Leydig cells to cytotoxic drugs. Three patients fathered four healthy children after completion of chemotherapy. These data suggest significant reproductive dysfunction in all men treated for germ cell tumors. However, most patients showed late and complete recovery of spermatogenesis. In contrast, endocrine gonadal function was unaffected after chemotherapy in all patients. FSH and LH are feasible markers to assess drug-induced gonadal toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 152 (1966), S. 288-299 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The results of a beta-hemolytic streptococcus study of Bonn school children have been presented. The overall rate for the fall-early winter period, 1965/66, was 20.46 per cent and the group A rate was 10.52 per cent. Upon further breakdown, the group A rate had a range of 5.78 per cent to 30 per cent. In addition, data are presented which indicate that most of the isolated group A strains were probably infectious or pathogenic. It was recommended that similar investigations should be made in various regions of West Germany in order to ascertain the incidence and importance of group A streptococci in school children and as a more reliable indicator of control measures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung über das Vorkommen beta-hämolytischer Streptokokken bei 342 Bonner Schulkindern mitgeteilt. Die Gesamtzahl betrug für den Herbst-Winter-Zeitraum 1965/1966 20,46% bei 10,52% Gruppe A-Streptokokken. Die weitere Aufschlüsselung ergab für die Gruppe A-Rate einen Schwankungsbereich von 5,78–30%. Darüber hinaus wurden Befunde vorgelegt, welche darauf hinweisen, daß die meisten der isolierten Gruppe A-Streptokokkenstämme wahrscheinlich infektiös bzw. pathogen waren. Es wurde angeregt, ähnliche Untersuchungen in verschiedenen Teilen Westdeutschlands durchzuführen, um die Häufigkeit des Vorkommens und die Bedeutung von Gruppe A-Streptokokken bei Schulkindern zu ermitteln und somit einen zuverlässigen Maßstab für Kontrollmaßnahmen zu erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 152 (1966), S. 362-377 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The general problems connected with the diagnostic applications of immunofluorescence, with particular reference to identification of bacteria localized in tissue, are described. In experimenting with different conjugation procedures, empirical data were gathered which support the theory (Wood, Thompson, andGoldstein, 1965) that the major condition and site for combination of isocyanates with protein residues is the non-ionized epsilonamino radical of lysine. Additional corroboration was found for the view that the fluorescent antibody activity of an immune serum is not necessarily indicated by the titer of such common serologic tests as the precipitin reaction, and bacterial agglutination. It was also found possible and extremely simple to conjugate 7S-gamma globulin fractions directly, thus eliminating the additional steps that sometimes cause denaturation of the antibodies. Conjugates prepared from 7S-gamma globulin, fractionated with column chromatography, were found to be superior to labeled samples of whole serum, especially in their unusually high specificity and avidity. A solution to the main difficulty of making fluorescent antibody techniques available to the pathologist when no fresh frozen tissue is at hand, was explored and found to be reliable. Incubation of formalin or alcohol fixed tissue in phosphate buffered saline restored the water content and readjusted the pH sufficiently for positive immunofluorescence results to be obtained with each specimen that gave similar results with fresh frozen tissue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die wesentlichen Probleme, welche bei der diagnostischen Anwendung der Imnrunofluorescenz und hier besonders beim Nachweis von den im Gewebe lokalisierten Bakterien auftreten, werden beschrieben. Bei der Prüfung verschiedener Konjugationsmethoden wurden empirisch eine Reihe von Befunden erhoben, welche die Theorie (Wood, Thompson u.Goldstein, 1965) stützen, daß als Bindungsstelle zwischen Isocyanaten und Aminosäuren im wesentlichen das nicht ionisierte Radikal des Lysins in Frage kommt. Weiterhin konnte die Ansicht bestätigt werden, daß der Gehalt eines Immunserums an fluorescierenden Antikörpern sich nicht notwendigerweise im Titer der üblichen serologischen Untersuchungsmethoden, wie z. B. dem Präcipitintest und der Bakterienagglutination, anzeigt. Außerdem stellte sich heraus, daß die Konjugation der 7S-Gamma-Globulin-Fraktion sich auch sehr leicht direkt durchführen ließ, wobei dann die sonst notwendigen Arbeitsgänge überflüssig wurden, die manchmal eine Denaturierung der Antikörper verursachen. Conjugate von durch Säulen-Chromatographie abgetrennten 7S-Gamma-Globulinen erwiesen sich als viel wirksamer als markierte Gesamtserumproben, besonders im Hinblick auf ihre ungewöhnlich hohe Spezifität und Avidität. Es wurde versucht, die Hauptschwierigkeiten zu beseitigen, die für den Pathologen bei der Verwendung der Immunofluorescenz entstehen, solange er kein tiefgefrorenes Gewebe zur Hand hat. Die angegebene Methode scheint ausreichend verläßlich. Die Inkubation von formalin- und alkoholfixierten Geweben in phosphatgepufferter Kochsalzlösung stellte den erforderlichen Wassergehalt und das für die Immunofluorescenz benötigte pH wieder her. Die mit den so behandelten Schnitten erzielten Resultate waren durchaus mit denen an frischem, tiefgefrorenem Material gefundenen vergleichbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cellular immunodeficiency ; Graft-versus-host reaction ; Blood transfusion ; HLA-typing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient with an inborn cellular immunodeficiency syndrome developed a graft-versus-host reaction after a transfusion with packed red cells. This diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy and finally proved by tissue typing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Antithrombin III ; Coagulation ; Haemangiomatosis ; Kasabach-Merrit syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diffuse infantile haemangiomatosis of the spleen is a very rare lesion. Large haemangiomas may cause trapping of platelets and coagulation disorders known as Kasabach-Merrit syndrome. We here report the case of an infant with splenic and pancreatic haemangiomatosis presenting with life-threatening thrombocytopenia, anaemia and intravascular coagulation. Diagnosis was hampered by reactive erythroblastosis and non-conclusive radiological findings. While treatment with corticosteroids was ineffective, administration of antithrombin III improved coagulation parameters. After splenectomy the child recovered promptly and has remained free of disease for 3 years to date. Conclusion Occult visceral haemangiomatosis without visible cutaneous haemangiomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia, anaemia and consumption coagulopathy. Antithrombin III treatment may be considered to overcome bleeding problems in patients with Kasabach-Merrit syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 208 (1993), S. 217-225 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 37 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nature and extent of bacterially induced allergies are difficult to define. Since peptidoglycan, the main component of the cell wall of almost all bacteria, has been available in a highly purified, chemically and immunologically well-defined form, investigation of the allergological significance of this cell component is feasible. Intracutaneous tests were carried out on 181 test, subjects with five different peptidoglycan (PG) preparations from Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus pyogenes. The results of the investigation were compared with the result of determination of serum PG antibodies and serum IgE concentrations. It was shown that test subjects with dual and late reactions to three three different staphylococcal PGs displayed significantly higher PG antibody titers than test subjects with negative reactions. Such a relationship could not he found with the cutaneous reactions to streptococcal PG. The total serum IgE values were very much higher in test subjects with immediate reactions to staphylococcal PG than in test subjects with a negative reaction. Typical Arthus reaction or late granulomatous reactions were not observed. Humoral antibodies are involved at least in part in the elicitation of dual and late reactions. Thus, there are interesting parallels to allergy to fungal spores and organic dusts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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