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  • 1995-1999  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary As perioperative prophylaxis for major orthopedic operations 81 patients were given the fixed combination of ampicillin (1 g)/ sulbactam (0.5 g) or cefotiam (2 g) as short infusions. The three β-lactams were rapidly distributed into the different tissues and their pharmacokinetic profiles were found to be very similar. It was noteworthy that ampicillin, sulbactam and cefotiam penetrated within minutes, not only into skin, fat and muscles, but also into bone. Thus 0.25 h after starting the infusion the following mean concentrations were measured in bone: 21.8±10.5 mg/kg ampicillin, 4.9±2.2 mg/kg sulbactam and 19.4±10.6 mg/kg cefotiam. For a period of at least 2 h the concentrations measured in serum and in the different tissues affected by the operation (skin, fat, muscle, bone) were above the MICs for pathogens which are involved in postoperative wound infections. On the basis of pharmacokinetic data, ampicillin/sulbactam and cefotiam seem about equally suitable for perioperative prophylaxis in major orthopedic operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 24 (1996), S. 372-374 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für urologische mikrochirurgische Refertilisationen wie die Vaso-Vasostomie oder die Vaso-Epididymostomie ist eine perioperative antibiotische Prophylaxe notwendig. Die Penetrationsfähigkeit in Nebenhoden- und Hodengewebe von Ampicillin und Sulbactam wurde bei neun Patienten (Körpergewicht 59 kg bis 92 kg, Mittel 77,3 kg) untersucht, die sich einer Orchiektomie aufgrund eines Hodenkarzinoms oder fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms unterziehen mußten. Die Konzentrationen beider Substanzen wurden im Serum und in Proben aus Nebenhoden/Hodengewebe, die 30 bis 65 Minuten nach einer einzelnen präoperativen Kurzinfusion von 3 g Ampicillin/Sulbactam im Verhältnis 2:1 gewonnen wurden, bestimmt. Ampicillin wurde mittels Bioassay und Sulbactam mittels Gaschromatographie/Massenspektrometrie bestimmt. Die mittlere Gewebekonzentration von Ampicillin betrug 38,5 ± 14,2 mg/kg. Die entsprechende mittlere Gewebekonzentration von Sulbactam betrug 19,8 ± 5,2 mg/kg. Ein Vergleich der Gewebe/Serum Quotienten für beide Substanzen ergab keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Die gemessenen Werte zeigen, daß beide Substanzen hohe Konzentrationen in den Skrotalorganen erreichen. Diese Konzentrationen übersteigen die MHK-Werte (minimalen Hemm-Konzentrationen) der bei postoperativen Wundinfektionen bedeutsamen Erreger. Die Kombination von Ampicillin und Sulbactam scheint für eine präoperative antibiotische Einzeldosisprophylaxe bei rekonstruktiven skrotalen Eingriffen gut geeignet.
    Notes: Summary Urologic refertilization microsurgery such as vaso-vasostomy or vaso-epididy-mostomy benefits from perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The ability of ampicillin and sulbactam to penetrate sufficiently into mixed epididymis or testis tissue was investigated in nine patients (bodyweights ranged from 58 kg to 92 kg, mean 77.3 kg) undergoing orchiectomy for testicular cancer or advanced prostatic cancer. Each patient received a single infusion of 3 g ampicillin/sulbactam (ratio 2 : 1) preoperatively for antibiotic prophylaxis. The concentrations of both components were determined in serum and in epididymis/testis tissue samples taken 30 min to 65 min after infusion. Ampicillin was determined by bioassay and sulbactam was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mean tissue concentrations of ampicillin were 38.5±15.9 mg/kg. Mean tissue concentrations of sulbactam at the same time were 19.8±5.2 mg/kg. Comparison of the tissue/serum ratios for both agents showed no significant difference. These values indicate that both compounds achieve high concentrations in the scrotal organs. The concentrations exceed the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values of important bacterial pathogens such asStaphylococcus aureus involved in postoperative wound infections. The combination of ampicillin and sulbactam may be effective for perioperative prophylaxis in reconstructive scrotal urologic surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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