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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Human insulin ; porcine insulin ; brain ; insulin receptor ; insulin degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have suggested that human and porcine insulin exert identical effects on blood glucose and counter-regulatory hormones but elicit different neurophysiological reactions. A major goal of the present study was to investigate whether this could be caused by different relative affinities of the insulins from different species to insulin receptors from the brain compared to other tissues. Insulin receptors isolated from human brain, muscle or adipocytes as well as from cultured cells over-expressing either of the human insulin receptor isoforms (exon 11– or exon 11 + ) were immobilized to microwells coated with monoclonal anti-insulin receptor antibody. Subsequently the binding of human, porcine and bovine insulin was measured. While the receptors derived from the different tissues had different affinities for insulin, there were no tissue-specific differences in the relative binding of the insulins of the three species. The insulins of the three species were also not different with regard to their binding to the receptor isoforms. Finally, in human brain homogenates no differences in the degradation rates for human, porcine and bovine insulin were detected. Thus, our data do not support the hypothesis that different neurophysiological reactions during hypoglycaemia due to human or porcine insulin are caused by differences of the binding of the insulins to human brain insulin receptors or their degradation in the human brain. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 757–763]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin receptor kinase ; compound heterozygous insulin receptor mutations ; human muscle ; erythrocytes ; congenital fibre type disproportion myopathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied insulin receptor kinase activation in two brothers with congenital muscle fibre type disproportion myopathy and compound heterozygous mutations of the insulin receptor gene, their parents, and their unaffected brother. In the father who has a heterozygote Arg1174→Gln mutation, in situ activation of the receptor kinase in skeletal muscle was reduced about 70 %. Selection of only those receptors that bound to anti-phosphotyrosine antibody showed that these receptors had normal kinase activity and that the reduction in overall kinase activity was due to the inability of about 70 % of the receptors to become insulin-dependently activated. The mother carries a point mutation at the last base pair in exon 17 which, due to abnormal alternative splicing, could lead to normally transcribed receptor or truncated receptor lacking the kinase region. Kinase activation was normal in the mother's skeletal muscle, suggesting that virtually no truncated receptor was expressed. Receptor kinase activity was, however, reduced by 95 and 91 % in the compound heterozygous brothers. This suggests that the mother's mutated allele contributes little to the generation of functional receptor protein and that the receptors in the mother's skeletal muscle are transcribed almost exclusively from the non-mutated allele. The mutation in exon 17 could lead to reduced transcription or rapid degradation of a predominantly transcribed truncated gene product or both. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 245–249]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 21.10.Pc Single-particle levels and strength function – 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 25.55.-e 3H-,3He-, and 4He-induced reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: An in-beam experiment with the subcoulomb reaction 209Bi(3He, d*γγ)210Po at 20.5 MeV was performed with two Euroball Cluster detectors in Cologne. It closed the gap between the low energy levels of the level-scheme and the high energy levels found in 209Bi(3He, d)210Po and 208Pb(4He, t)210Po particle experiments. New branchings have been found and the (3He, d*γγ) reaction below the coulomb-barrier has been used successfully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 10 (1999), S. 30-41 
    ISSN: 1435-1544
    Keywords: Key words Animal models ; ventricular tachycardia ; ventricular fibrillation ; myocardial infarction ; Schlüsselwörter Tiermodelle ; Kammertachykardie ; Kammerflimmern ; Myokardinfarkt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Experimentelle Tiermodelle ventrikulärer Tachyarrhythmien wurden entwickelt, um die Mechanismen dieser Herzrhythmusstörungen beim Menschen besser zu verstehen. Solche Modelle sind notwendig, weil der lebensbedrohliche Charakter dieser Herzrhythmusstörungen und die zeitliche Unvorhersehbarkeit ihres Auftretens ein umfassendes Studium am Patienten oft unmöglich machen. Im Tierlabor stehen zusätzliche technische Möglichkeiten, wie Bestimmung des Transmembranpotentials mit Mikroelektroden oder hochauflösendes optisches und elektrisches Mapping zur Verfügung. Diese Methoden erlauben Untersuchungen, die im Rahmen klinischer Studien nicht möglich sind. Experimente an Tiermodellen haben neue Ideen und Hypothesen hervorgebracht, die in klinischen Studien getestet wurden und sich für klinische Herzrhythmusstörungen bestätigt haben. Tiermodelle haben entscheidend zu unserem Verständnis der Mechanismen von Fibrillation und Defibrillation und der Entwicklung neuer Therapiekonzepte beigetragen. Dieser Artikel wird eine kurze Übersicht über verschiedene Tiermodelle ventrikulärer Tachyarrhythmien geben und auch einige Erkenntnisse, die mit Hilfe dieser Modelle erzielt wurden, diskutieren. Aufgrund der klinischen Bedeutung der koronaren Herzkrankheit wird der Schwerpunkt auf ventrikuläre Tachyarrhythmien im Rahmen von Myokardischämie und Myokardinfarkt gelegt. Es gibt kein Tiermodell, daß den natürlichen Verlauf der koronaren Herzkrankheit beim Menschen simuliert. Den Modellen ist gemeinsam, daß eine regionale Myokardischämie durch permanente oder temporäre Okklusion einer oder mehrerer Koronargefäße erzeugt wird. Dies geschieht am offenen oder geschlossenen Thorax. Die Arrhythmien entstehen „spontan“ während akuter Ischämie oder in der Reperfusionsphase oder können durch elektrische Stimuli induziert werden. Solche Untersuchungen können bei verschiedenen Spezies durchgeführt werden. Neben Studien am intakten Tier werden auch isolierte, mit der Langendorff-Technik perfundierte Herzen verwendet. Diese Modelle haben dazu beigetragen, die Arrhythmiemechanismen während der einzelnen Phasen der Infarktentstehung und -heilung zu untersuchen.
    Notes: Summary Experimental animal models of ventricular arrhythmias have been developed to investigate the mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis in man. Ventricular arrhythmias associated with ischaemia and infarction often cannot be elucidated by clinical studies on patients because those arrhythmias are potentially lifethreatening and their occurrence is unpredictable. Because of additional experimental procedures and techniques that can be used in the animal laboratory, such as microelectrode recording of transmembrane action potentials and high-density optical and electrical activation mapping, animal models have provided information that cannot be obtained from clinical studies. Studies on animal models have provided new ideas and hypotheses that have been tested in clinical studies and that have been found to be true for clinical arrhythmias. Animal models have enabled the mechanisms of fibrillation and defibrillation to be understood and new therapeutic concepts to be developed. The purpose of this article is to briefly review some animal models of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Some contributions that these animal studies have made to our understanding of ventricular tachyarrhythmias will be discussed. Because of the clinical importance of coronary artery disease this article concentrates on those arrhythmias caused by myocardial ischaemia and infarction. An animal model that resembles the clinical course of coronary artery disease in humans does not exist. In animal studies designed to reproduce arrhythmias caused by myocardial ischaemia or infarction regional ischaemia is induced by transient or permanent occlusion of one or more coronary arteries. Coronary occlusion is performed with a variety of techniques in open- or closed-chest animals of different species. Arrhythmias occur „spontaneously“ during acute ischaemia or reperfusion or can be induced by electrical stimuli. Hearts isolated and perfused by the Langendorff technique can also be used to study the arrhythmias caused by coronary occlusion or occlusion and reperfusion. These animal models of myocardial ischaemia and infarction have helped to elucidate the mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis of each stage of infarct development and healing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 385-390 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.80.P1 ; 42.55.P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of weak magnetic fields (≤ 1 mT) on small clouds and single ions of strontium has been studied. The fluorescence rate and hence the cooling efficiency is sharply reduced for fields of less than around 0.2 mT. The magnetic field also splits the various levels involved through the Zeeman effect. In particular, the2 S 1/2−2 D 5/2 transition at 674 nm, which is the basis for a potential optical frequency standard, is split into a maximum of 10 components, depending upon the experimental geometry. This is studied for various configurations of the magnetic field and 674 nm laser polarization. The implication for frequency-standards work is that the standard will need to be operated in a small but highly stable field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 77-84 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Darüber hinaus soll das Lebensmittel-Monitoring längerfristig dazu dienen, zeitliche Trends in der Belastung von Lebensmitteln aufzuzeigen und eine ausreichende Datenbasis zu schaffen, um Aufnahmeberechnungen von unerwünschten Stoffen, die der Verbraucher über die Nahrung aufnimmt, durchführen zu können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 1941-1943 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Rats ; Small bowel ; Ischemia ; Zinc ; Heat shock protein 70 ; Schlüsselwörter Ratten ; Dünndarm ; Zink ; Hitzeschockprotein 70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Studie war es zu klären, ob die HSP70-Induktion durch Zn2+ den Dünndarm von Ratten gegen Ischämie schützen kann. Es wurden 24 männliche Wistar-Ratten (Gewicht 200–300 g) in 4 Gruppen aufgeteilt: I. NaCl-Behandlung über 24 h (n=4); II. Zn2+-Behandlung über 24 h (n=4); III. NaCl-Vorbehandlung über 24 h und Ischämie (n=8); IV. Zn2+-Vorbehandlung über 24 h und Ischämie (n=8). Die Zn2+-Vorbehandlung erfolgte durch intraperitoneale Gabe von 50 mg/kg Zink-di-dl-Hydrogenaspartat=10 mg/kg Zn2+. Die Ischämie in einem definierten Segment des Dünndarms wurde durch eine Ligatur der V. und A. mesenterica sowie der beiden Segmentenden erzeugt. Gewebeproben wurden jeweils vor und 2, 4 und 6 h nach der Ligatur histologisch, immunohistochemisch und durch ,,Western blotting`` untersucht. 24 h nach intraperitonealer Zn2+-Injektion zeigten sich erhöhte HSP70-Dünndarmgewebespiegel. Histologische Untersuchungen mit nachfolgender Klassifizierung des Ischämieschadens ergaben geringere Gewebenekrotisierung nach Zn2+-Vorbehandlung sowie HSP70-Induktion im Vergleich zu den mit NaCl vorbehandelten Kontrolltieren. Schlußfolgerung: Diese Studie weist nach, daß Zn2+ im Dünndarm in vivo (bei Ratten) HSP70 induzieren kann und daß damit der Dünndarm gegen Ischämie geschützt werden kann.
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to determine whether the induction of HSP70 by Zn2+ is able to protect the small bowel of rats against ischemia. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (weight 200–300 g) were divided into four groups: (1) saline treatment for 24 h (n=4); (2) Zn2+ treatment for 24 h (n=4); (3) Saline pretreatment for 24 h and ischemia (n=8); (4) Zn2+ pretreatment for 24 h and ischemia (n=8). Pretreatment with Zn2+ was carried out by intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg/kg zinc bis (dl-hydrogen aspartate)=10 mg/kg Zn2+. Ischemia in a defined segment of the small bowel was produced by ligation of the mesenteric vein and artery and ligation of both ends of the segment. Tissue samples were collected before and 2, 4 and 6 h after ligation and investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Twenty-four h after i.p. Zn2+ injection, the small bowel expressed increased HSP70 tissue levels. Histology with subsequent grading of ischemic tissue injury showed significantly decreased tissue necrosis after Zn2+ pretreatment and HSP70 induction compared with saline pretreated controls. In conclusion, this study proves that Zn2+ is inducing HSP70 in the small bowel in vivo and hereby able to protect the small bowel against ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 10 (1999), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1435-1544
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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