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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1910-1914
  • Adenosine AZA receptor  (1)
  • Key words Car accident • Fracture of the foot • Injury mechanism • Long-term outcome  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Rat striatum ; Medium spiny neuron ; Adenosine AZA receptor ; NMDA receptor channel ; Whole-cell patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Whole-cell patch clamp experiments were carried out in rat striatal brain slices. In a subset of striatal neurons (70–80%), NMDA-induced inward currents were inhibited by the adenosine AZA receptor selective agonist CGS 21680. The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulphophenyl)-theophylline and the AZA receptor selective antagonist 8-(3chlorostyryl) caffeine abolished the inhibitory action of CGS 21680. Intracellular GDP-β-S, which is known to prevent G protein-mediated reactions, also eliminated the effect of CGS 21680. Extracellular dibutyryl cAMP, a membrane permeable analogue of cAMP, and intracellular Sp-cAMPS, an activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA), both abolished the CGS 21680-induced inhibition. By contrast, Rp-cAMPS and PKI 14–24 amide, two inhibitors of PKA had no effect. Intracellular U-73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor) and heparin (an inositoltriphosphate antagonist) prevented the effect of CGS 21680. Finally, a more efficient buffering of intracellular Ca2+ by a substitution of EGTA (11 mM) by BAPTA (5.5 mM) acted like U-73122 or heparin. Hence, AZA receptors appear to negatively modulate NMDA receptor channel conductance via the phospholipase C/inositoltriphosphate/Ca2+ pathway rather than the adenylate cyclase/PKA pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Car accident • Fracture of the foot • Injury mechanism • Long-term outcome ; Schlüsselwörter PKW-Unfall • Fußfraktur • Verletzungsmechanismus • Langzeitfolgen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 6378 Verkehrsunfällen mit 8931 Verletzten zwischen 1973 und 1989 im Großraum Hannover wurden 3267 PKW-Insassen mit Frakturen registriert. Davon hatten 148 (4,5 %) Personen Frakturen im Fußbereich erlitten. Die Unfalldaten wurden in Hinblick auf Verletzungsentstehung, -art und -ausmaß ausgewertet und die Verletzungsfolgen anhand von Langzeituntersuchungen evaluiert. Bei der Entstehung der Fußfrakturen spielte die Deformierung des Fußraums die wesentliche Rolle. Fahrer und Beifahrer erlitten ähnlich schwere Verletzungen. Bei den 286 Frakturen war der Vorfuß am häufigsten betroffen (45 %), gefolgt von OSG (35 %), Mittelfuß (11 %) und Rückfuß (6 %). Der Anteil der offenen Frakturen betrug 5 %. Die Klassifikation erfolgte nach der „Abbreviated Injury Scale“ (AIS) für die untere Extremität. Die Langzeitfolgen wurden anhand der fußverletzungsbedingten Minderung der Erwerbsfähigkeit (MdE) im Verhältnis zur gesamten MdE abgeschätzt. Diese Auswertung ergab, daß die Fußfrakturen vor allem bei erheblichen Begleitverletzungen bei der Primäruntersuchung oft nicht erkannt oder unterschätzt wurden. Die Langzeitfolgen gingen häufig mit einer erheblichen fußverletzungsbedingten Invalidisierung einher.
    Notes: Summary During 1973 and 1989, 6,378 car accidents with 8,931 injured persons were evaluated in the area of Hannover. 3,267 car drivers and passengers sustained fractures overall and 148 (4,5 %) fractures of the foot. A major role in the ethiology of the foot fractures evolves from the deformation of the foot room. Driver and front seat passenger showed similar injuries. Among the 286 single fractures, the forefoot was affected most often (45 %), followed by ankle (38 %), midfoot (11 %) and hindfoot (6 %). 5 % were open fractures. The long term results were estimated upon the limitation of working ability caused by the foot injury in relation to the entire working ability. The evaluation concludes that the foot fractures especially in combination with other injuries were frequently not recognized within the primary examination and therefore underestimated. The long-term outcome leaded to a high degree of impairment due to foot fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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