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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 380 (1995), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Repeat hepatic resections ; Colorectal cancer ; Liver metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für Patienten mit rezidivierten, resektablen kolorektalen Lebermetastasen besteht allein in der chirurgischen Entfernung die erneute Möglichkeit, über längere Zeit von ihrem Tumorleiden befreit zu werden. Bei fehlenden therapeutischen Alternativen mehren sich in den letzten Jahren die Berichte über wiederholte Leberresektionen. Wir haben in den Jahren von 1986–1994 bei 8 Patienten insgesamt 12 wiederholte Leberresektionen bei kolorektalen Metastasen jeweils in kurativer Absicht ausgeführt. Die primäre Leberresektion bei 4 synchronen und 4 metachronen Metastasen bestand 5mal in einer anatomischen Hemihepatektomie und 3mal in einer Segment- oder Bisegmentektomie. Das Intervall zwischen 1. und 2. Leberresektion betrug durchschnittlich 14 (4–23) Monate. Bei 2 Patienten wurden jeweils 4 leberresezierende Eingriffe wegen wiederholt aufgetretener Metastasen ausgeführt. Die Zeitintervalle zwischen 2., 3. und 4. Lebereingriff betrugen hierbei durchschnittlich 10 Monate. Wir verloren keinen Patienten während des Klinikaufenthaltes, die postoperative Komplikationsrate betrug 16%. Drei Patienten sind inzwischen nach durchschnittlich 28 (9–54) Monaten seit der letzten Leberresektion verstorben. Fünf Patienten leben durchschnittlich 14 (4–28) Monate, 3 davon tumorfrei und 2 mit Metastasenrezidiv in der Leber. Bei niedrigem Operationsrisiko ist die Mehrfachresektion kolorektaler Lebermetastasen durchaus gerechtfertigt, was sich in deutlich verlängerten Überlebenszeiten dieser Patienten im Vergleich zu denen mit unbehandelten oder lediglich regional therapierten Lebermetastasen ausdrückt.
    Notes: Abstract For patients with recurrent operable liver metastases from colorectal cancer operative resection is the only chance of getting rid of their tumorous disease for a longer time. As there are not therapeutic alternatives more and more authors are reporting on repeated resections of liver metastases. From 1986 to 1994 we performed 12 recurrent liver resections with curative intent in 8 patients suffering from liver metastases of colorectal cancer: 4 synchronous and 4 metachronous metastases were removed, the primary procedure being anatomic hemihepatectomy in 5 cases and segmentectomy or bisegmentectomy in 3 cases. The mean time interval between the first and the second resections was 14 (4–23) months. Two patients underwent 4 consecutive liver resections because of recurrent metastases. In these cases the interval between the second, third and fourth procedures was 10 months. The postoperative complication rate was 16% and not a single patient died in hospital. Three patients died an average of 28 (9–54) months after the last liver resection, and the other 5 patients are still alive after an average of 14 (4–28) months: 3 are free of tumor and 2 have recurrent metastases in the liver. Compared with untreated or only locally treated cases, patients in whom operative risk is low can achieve prolonged survival times after resections of colorectal metastases to the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 48 (1997), S. 490-501 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Water-soluble diblock copolymers (DBCPs) with a polyelectrolyte block are accessible by sequential anionic polymerization of tert-butylmethacrylate (TBMA) and ethylene oxide (EO), followed by polymer analogous conversion of the PTBMA into poly(methyacrylic acid) (PMAA) blocks. These materials are highly efficient dispersants for oxide ceramic powders in aqueous media. A series of block copolymer samples with Mn ranging from 1300 to 38 900, and (EO:MAA) block length ratios from 0.5 to 11.7 were prepared with polydispersities close to 1.2. The influence of overall molecular weight and block length ratio, pH and ionic strength on the stability of aqueous α-Al2O3 suspensions was investigated by sedimentation and adsorption experiments, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrokinetic measurements. The copolymers are capable of stabilizing alumina suspensions by a combination of specific adsorption of one block on the particle surface and a shielding effect provided by the nonadsorbing block. In addition, the adsorption of the negatively charged PMAA block on the oppositely charged alumina surface reverses the electrophoretic potential of the oxide particles, a process which is strongly pH dependent. With respect to the powder dispersing efficiency, an optimum was found when the DBCP consisted of a short PMAA anchoring and an approximately tenfold longer PEO stabilizer block with an overall molecular weight of about 5000. Alumina suspensions with the DBCP added were highly dispersed and rather stable against salt addition in a much wider pH window than block-copolymer-free suspensions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: About 340 g of a cycloaliphatic ionene (see formula given in the introduction) were fractionated by a continuous counter-current extraction method (CPF). The efficiency of the separation was checked by viscometry and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Ten different fractions with number average molecular masses between 16 000 and 29 000 D were obtained and their glass transition temperatures Tg determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for their bromide and tetrafluoroborate salts. No molecular weight dependence of Tg was found, in contrast to recently reported results with aliphatic ionenes, where  -  in case of the bromide  -  Tg increases with rising molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 46 (1995), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of comb-like ionenes with aliphatic side chains of different length and organic main chain spacer groups of different size have been synthesized by the step-growth polymerization of long aliphatic chain-substituted diamines with α,ω-dibromoalkanes. Highly ordered films of layered structure have been obtained by solution casting. The long side chains crystallize with an interdigitating hexagonal packing perpendicular to the film plane. The perfection of the side chain packing is related to the size of the spacer group in the main chain as well as to the valence of the counterions, but also depends on the thermal history of the samples. It is in all cases comparable to the quality of aliphatic chain packing in LB multilayers of surfactants. The comb-like ionenes exhibit liquid-crystalline textures above their side chain melting transition.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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