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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of the inverted gyrotwystron (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 3394-3402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The theory of the inverted gyrotwystron, a gyrodevice consisting of the input waveguide and output cavity separated by the drift section, is developed. The case of frequency doubling when the input waveguide operates at the fundamental cyclotron resonance and the output cavity operates at the second cyclotron harmonic is analyzed. It is shown that the electron prebunching in the input waveguide provides a better harmonic content in the electron current density than a standard ballistic bunching occurring in gyroklystrons with a short input cavity followed by a long drift section. The dependence of the efficiency and locking bandwidth on the input power and the lengths of input waveguide and drift section is studied. The effect of the electron velocity spread on the locking bandwidth and the electronic efficiency is analyzed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872481
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergenicity of α-caseins from cow, sheep, and goat (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The allergic potential of α-caseins from bovine, ovine, and goat's milk sharing more than 85% identical amino acids was compared. Caseins were purified by anion-exchange chromatography and used for a specific IgE and IgG ELISA with diluted human sera. Sera were from 17 children with immediate-type allergy to cow's milk, from 59 children with atopy but without food allergy, and from 27 healthy children without atopic disease. The sera of cow's milk-allergic children showed a significantly higher IgE and IgG binding to α-caseins from all three species than the sera of the other groups. All groups showed an increased antibody binding to bovine a-casein compared to the sheep and goat proteins, but the differences were significant only in the groups of atopic children and of healthy controls. Furthermore, inhibition of the IgE binding to bovine α-casein with α-casein from cow, goat, and sheep revealed that the a-caseins from these species are highly cross-reactive, on the basis of the small differences in their primary structure. In conclusion, the milk of goat and sheep harbor an allergic potential and is not suitable for the nutrition of milk-allergic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb00993.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ASTROBIOLOGY: Exploring the Origins, Evolution, and Distribution of Life in the Universe (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 30 (1999), S. 397-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The search for the origins of life and its presence beyond Earth is strengthened by new technology and by evidence that life tolerates extreme conditions and that planets are widespread. Astrobiologists learn how planets develop and maintain habitable conditions. They combine biological and information sciences to decipher the origins of life. They examine how biota, particularly microorganisms, evolve, at scales from the molecular to the biosphere level, including interactions with long-term planetary changes. Astrobiologists learn how to recognize the morphological, chemical, and spectroscopic signatures of life in order to explore both extraterrestrial samples and electromagnetic spectra reflected from extrasolar planets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.397
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergenic epitopes of bovine αs1-casein recognized by human IgE and IiG (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: B-cell epitopes of bovine αs1-casein, one of the major allergens of cow's milk, were identified by a screening method based on synthetic peptides. According to the known amino acid sequence of αs1-casein, a set of 188 overlapping sequential decapeptides shifted by one amino acid was manually synthesized on polyethylene pins by the 9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) method. Peptides were screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for human IgE and IgG. Bound antibodies were detected by successive incubation with up to three polyclonal antibodies, the last one conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Tested sera were from 15 patients with acute clinical reactions to cow's milk and IgE-specific reactions to bovine a-casein in the ELISA and immunoblot. Sera from 10 healthy subjects without remarkable reactions to cow's milk proteins were used as controls. All sera from allergic subjects showed reactions with three regions of αs1-casein, corresponding to amino acids 19–30, 93–98, and 141–150. Furthermore, individual sera showed reactions with other parts of the protein. No essential differences in the epitope specificity of IgE and 1gG were found. Inhibition of IgE binding to αs1-casein with soluble synthetic peptides confirmed the results and revealed peptide CN-2 as the most inhibiting one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04614.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Six-year follow-up of titanium and high-gold porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed partial dentures (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a randomized clinical study 47 titanium and gold-alloy fixed partial dentures (FPDs) were placed during a 1-year period. In the titanium group (n=22) all metal substructures were made of unalloyed titanium. The titanium substructures were fabricated by copy milling, spark erosion and laser welding (Procera®, Nobelpharma). Ceramic veneering was carried out with Duceratin® titanium ceramics (Ducera, Germany). In the control group (n=25) the high-gold alloy Degudent U® (Degussa, Germany) and Vita VMK 68® ceramics (Vita, Germany) were used. The longest observation time was 6 years. Only one FPD had to be removed due to metal–ceramic failure (titanium group). The clinical performance of all 125 porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) veneers with respect to the longevity of the metal–ceramic compound was described by Kaplan–Meyer survivor analyses. Relating survival to a completely intact ceramic veneer, the 5-year survivor rate was 84% for titanium and 98% for the high-gold alloy. PFM titanium restorations exhibited a significantly increased risk of metal–ceramic failure. However, concerning defects requiring removal, no significant differences in titanium versus high-gold alloy occurred. There were no significant differences in the survival distributions between crowns and pontics within the two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00373.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of Botrytis cinerea conidia on kiwifruit (1999)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 48 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were conducted over two seasons (1995 and 1996) to determine the survival of Botrytis cinerea conidia applied to the fruit surface of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa, cv. Hayward). In 1995, potted vines were exposed for nine weeks to controlled environments at the National Climate Laboratory and to natural conditions in a shadehouse. In 1996, field experiments were carried out over a period of 16 weeks at two research sites. Change in number of conidia (enumeration), viability (germination) and vigour (germ-tube length, 1995; infection of host tissue, 1996) of conidia were assessed over time. In both years, the number of conidia/fruit declined significantly over time. However, conidia remained viable on the fruit surface throughout the two experiments. In both seasons, approximately 40% of the conidia recovered still germinated after field exposure and the vigour of viable conidia remained constant over the duration of the two experiments. The results of the research showed that B. cinerea conidia are able to survive on fruit surfaces of kiwifruit, remaining viable and infectious throughout the growing season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.00413.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Florida's mystery coral-killer identified (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 392 (1998), S. 557-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] An unusual coral disease appeared on the Florida Reef Tract in June 1995. It was distinct in its microbiology, its pattern of tissue degradation, the species susceptible to it, and its regional distribution. Symptoms included a sharp line between healthy and diseased tissue, as occurs with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/33302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stationary Crystal Diffraction with a Monochromatic Convergent X-ray Source and Application for Macromolecular Crystal Data Collection (1998)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 200-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A diffraction geometry utilizing convergent X-rays from a polycapillary optic incident on a stationary crystal is described. A mathematical simulation of the resulting diffraction pattern (in terms of spot shape, position and intensity) is presented along with preliminary experimental results recorded from a lysozyme crystal. The effective source coverage factor is introduced to bring the reflection intensities onto the same scale. The feasibility of its application to macromolecular crystal data collection is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444997009013
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frobenius-Perron operators and approximation of invariant measures for set-valued dynamical systems (1995)
    Springer
    Set-valued analysis 3 (1995), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Keywords: Primary: 58F11 ; Secondary: 54C60, 60J05 ; Frobenius-Perron operators ; invariant measures ; ergodic theory ; set-valued dynamical systems ; relations ; random perturbations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A set-valued dynamical systemF on a Borel spaceX induces a set-valued operatorF onM(X) — the set of probability measures onX. We define arepresentation ofF, each of which induces an explicitly defined selection ofF; and use this to extend the notions of invariant measure and Frobenius-Perron operators to set-valued maps. We also extend a method ofS. Ulam to Markov finite approximations of invariant measures to the set-valued case and show how this leads to the approximation ofT-invariant measures for transformations τ, whereT corresponds to the closure of the graph of τ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01038599
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Isomeric Isoxazolopyridinones (1998)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 129 (1998), S. 1285-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. 3-Acetyl-4-methylaminopyridin-2-one; Hydrogen bridge bond; 4-Hydroximinopyridin-2-one; 3-(1-Hydroxyethyliden)-piperidin-2 ; 4-dione; Isoxazolo[4 ; 3-c]pyridinone; Isoxazolo[4 ; 5-c]pyridinone..
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  Bei der Umsetzung von 4-Methylamino-5,6-dihydropyridinon mit Acetylchlorid entstand ausschließlich das 3-Acetylderivat. Bei der alkalischen Hydrolyse der Methylaminogruppe entstand ein Gemisch zweier Hydroxyderivate. Diese reagieren mit Hydroxylamin zum Isoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridinon, während das 4-Methylaminoanaloge in Abhängigkeit vom pH-Wert zum Isoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridinon oder zum Isoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridinon cyclisiert. Die Konfiguration der letzteren Verbindungen wurde durch NMR-Messungen gesichert..
    Notes: Summary.  Reaction of 4-methylamino-5,6-dihydropyridinone with acetyl chloride yielded exclusively the 3-acetyl derivative. When the methylamino group of the latter was removed by alkaline hydrolysis, a mixture of two hydroxy derivatives was formed. Those cyclized upon treatment with hydroxylamine exclusively to the isoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridinone, whereas the 4-methylamino analogue yielded, depending on pH, mainly the isoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridinone or the isoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridinone. The configurations of the latter compounds were established by NMR experiments..
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010140
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