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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • chronic renal failure  (2)
  • cloud point  (2)
  • Brassica Sar1-like cDNAs  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of quinine in patients with chronic renal failure (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 497-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Quinine ; Malaria; pharmacokinetics ; chronic renal failure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Methods: We investigated the pharmacokinetics of quinine (Qn) following administration of a single oral dose of 600 mg Qn sulphate in six male Thai patients with a moderate degree of chronic renal failure (CRF), and six male Thai subjects with normal renal function. Results: The drug was well tolerated in both groups of subjects; no major adverse reactions were observed. A marked alteration in the pharmacokinetics of Qn was found in patients with CRF compared to healthy subjects; there were six signifiicant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters. Absorption was delayed, but increased in CRF (tmax 4.5 vs 1.6 h, Cmax 6.17 vs 3.45 μg ⋅ml−1). Total clearance was significantly reduced (0.94 vs 2.84 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅kg−1, whereas Vz/f remained unchanged (1.82 vs 2.78 l ⋅kg−1). This resulted in the increased values of AUC and prolongation of the t1/2z and MRT in the patients (AUC 181.5 vs 61.8 μg ⋅min−1 ⋅ml−1, t1/2z 26 vs 9.7 h, MRT 36.4 vs 11.3 h). Median concentrations of plasma unbound fraction of Qn collected at 4 h after drug administration in patients and healthy subjects were 7.3 vs 9.8%, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050056
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of quinine in patients with chronic renal failure (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 497-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Quinine ; Malaria ; pharmacokinetics ; chronic renal failure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Methods: We investigated the pharmacokinetics of quinine (Qn) following administration of a single oral dose of 600 mg Qn sulphate in six male Thai patients with a moderate degree of chronic renal failure (CRF), and six male Thai subjects with normal renal function. Results: The drug was well tolerated in both groups of subjects; no major adverse reactions were observed. A marked alteration in the pharmacokinetics of Qn was found in patients with CRF compared to healthy subjects; there were six signifiicant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters. Absorption was delayed, but increased in CRF (tmax 4.5 vs 1.6 h, Cmax 6.17 vs 3.45 μg·ml−1). Total clearance was significantly reduced 0.94 vs 2.84 ml·min−1·kg−1, whereas Vz/f remained unchanged (1.82 vs 2.78 1·kg−1). This resulted in the increased values of AUC and prolongation of the t1/2z and MRT in the patients (AUC 181.5 vs 61.8 μg·min−1·ml−1, t1/2z 26 vs 9.7 h, MRT 36.4 vs 11.3 h). Median concentrations of plasma unbound fraction of Qn collected at 4 h after drug administration in patients and healthy subjects were 7.3 vs 9.8%, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195937
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The presence of a Sar1 gene family in Brassica campestris that suppresses a yeast vesicular transport mutation Sec12-1 (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 33 (1997), S. 1025-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica Sar1-like cDNAs ; small GTP-binding protein ; suppression ; yeast Sec12-1 mutant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two new members (Bsar1a and Bsar1b) of the Sar1 gene family have been identified from a flower bud cDNA library of Brassica campestris and their functional characteristics were analyzed. The two clones differ from each other at 14 positions of the 193 amino acid residues deduced from their coding region. The amino acid sequences of Bsar1a and Bsar1b are most closely related to the Sar1 family, genes that function early in the process of vesicle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The sequences contain all the conserved motifs of the Ras superfamily (G1–G4 motifs) as well as the distinctive structural feature near the C-terminus that is Sar1 specific. Our phylogenetic analysis confirmed that these two clones can indeed be considered members of the Sar1 family and that they have a close relationship to the ARF family. The Bsar1 proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli, cross-reacted with a polyclonal antibody prepared against Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sar1 protein. It also exhibited GTP-binding activity. Genomic Southern blot analysis, using the 3'-gene-specific regions of the Bsar1 cDNAs as probes, revealed that the two cDNA clones are members of a B. campestris Sar1 family that consists of 2 to 3 genes. RNA blot analysis, using the same gene-specific probes, showed that both genes are expressed with similar patterns in most tissues of the plant, including leaf, stem, root, and flower buds. Furthermore, when we placed the two Bsar1 genes under the control of the yeast pGK1 promoter into the temperature-sensitive mutant yeast strain S. cerevisiae Sec12-1, they suppressed the mutation which consists of a defect in vesicle transport. The amino acid sequence similarity, the GTP-binding activity, and the functional suppression of the yeast mutation suggest that the Bsar1 proteins are functional homologues of the Sar1 protein in S. cerevisiae and that they may perform similar biological functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005731209124
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physical Stability of Ethyl Diatrizoate Nanocrystalline Suspension in Steam Sterilization (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 16 (1999), S. 569-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): nanocrystals ; submicron crystals ; suspensions ; steam sterilization ; physical stability ; surfactants ; cloud point ; ethyl diatrizoate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. To study the effects of formulation variables on the physical stability of a submicron crystal (nanocrystal) suspension under steam sterilization conditions. Methods. Suspensions of ethyl diatrizoate nanocrystals were prepared by wet milling in the presence of the surfactant poloxamine 908. Particle size distribution and zeta potential were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy. Results. On heating, the mean particle size of the nanocrystal suspension remained essentially unchanged up to 110°C, the cloud point of the stabilizing surfactant, but increased significantly above that temperature. The increase in particle size was a result of particle aggregation rather than crystal growth. Adding a cloud point booster to the suspension significantly minimized the particle aggregation at high temperatures. The purity of poloxamine 908 and the tonicity agent and buffer salt used also affected the heat stability of the suspension, the latter agents apparently through altering the surfactant cloud point. Conclusions. The aggregation of the ethyl diatrizoate nanocrystalline suspension under steam sterilization conditions was a result of phase separation of the stabilizing surfactant at its cloud point. When formulated with a cloud point booster to prevent the phase-separation, the suspension maintained its physical stability under steam sterilization without any significant change in particle size distribution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018883431970
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants: Modulation with Pharmaceutical Excipients (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 16 (1999), S. 562-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): nonionic surfactants ; cloud point ; cloud point boosters ; poloxamers ; poloxamines ; liquid formulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. To determine the cloud point of a variety of nonionic surfactants and to search for means to raise the surfactant cloud point in liquid formulations. Methods. Cloud points of nonionic surfactants were determined visually in a water bath. Organic compounds, many of which have been used as pharmaceutical excipients, were tested initially for effect on the cloud point of poloxamine 908. Four effective cloud point boosters (CPBs) from different structural classes were further tested on additional surfactants. Results. A number of compounds can raise the cloud point of nonionic surfactants. These cloud point boosters are classified into two categories: nonionic and ionic. The nonionic CPBs include poly(ethylene glycols), propylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. They are effective at molar concentrations. The ionic CPBs include anionic and cationic surfactants, charged phospholipids, long chain fatty acids, and bile salts. They are effective at millimolar concentrations. Conclusions. The cloud point of nonionic surfactants used in liquid formulations can be modulated through the proper choice of excipient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018831415131
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