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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 03.75.Dg  (1)
  • Cerebrovascular disease  (1)
  • Chemistry  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 187-191 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50.Dv ; 03.75.Dg ; 03.75.Fi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The standard quantum limit is calculated for the atom-light interferometer. It is shown that the smallest detectable phase is $$\delta \phi _{\min } = \frac{1}{2}[N_{atoms} + 4N_{photons} )/N_{atoms} N_{photons} ]^{1/2} .$$ Therefore, in practical experiments, the accuracy is limited by the square root of the number of atoms. We propose a novel correlated atom-photon state interferometer which makes a transition to the Heisenberg limit, δφmin ∝ 1/N atoms, as the atoms approach a Bose condensate. Such an interferometer may serve as a sensitive probe of the onset of Bose condensation. Finally, we point out that the correlated atom-photon state preparation scheme we propose may be used in a different way to approach the Heisenberg limit for non-Bose-condensed atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 351-358 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The amine functionalization of an acrylamide copolymer was achieved via Hofmann degradation. The starting material, poly(acrylamide-co-methyl methacrylate), was synthesized by radical precipitation polymerization. Using this copolymer, Hofmann degradation at 0°C in a water-dioxane mixture was done using sodium hypochlorite and NaOH. The resulting hydrogel could be dissolved in water-tetrahydrofuran mixtures, and the cast film had a water content of 73%. It was found that the conversion to primary amine was lower, and the extent of a side reaction was higher, compared to those of an acrylamide homopolymer. This was presumed to be due to the lack of the neighboring group effect among acrylamide units since it was a random copolymer. Further modification of this polymer by reacting the amine group is considered to obtain the desired properties for biomedical applications. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: Key words: Hemodialysis ; Survival analysis ; Cerebrovascular disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The overall survival rate and contributory factors were examined in patients undergoing hemodialysis in one dialysis program. The clinical profiles of dialysis patients who suffered from cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases (CCVD) were also studied. Methods. Data were available for 1064 patients who had received hemodialysis treatment for more than 3 months in our program (17 centers) in Miyazaki, Japan, between 1971 and 1994. Results. The respective 3-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial survival rates were 85%, 79%, and 66%. The Cox proportional hazard model identified three variables: age at start of hemodialysis (adjusted relative hazard [RH], 1.05), sex (RH, 1.42 for males), and type of underlying renal disease (RH, 1.00 for chronic glomerulonephritis, 2.80 for diabetes mellitus, 1.59 for nephrosclerosis), as being significantly associated with survival. Patients with CCVD had a high incidence of cerebral hemorrhage (8.7 per 1000 person-years). Patients whose first CCVD episode occurred within 36 months of starting hemodialysis were older, and more frequently had diabetes mellitus or nephrosclerosis and suffered from cerebral infarction. Long-term hemodialysis patients with CCVD more frequently had chronic glomerulonephritis as the underlying disease and had a higher incidence of cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion. Age, sex, and underlying renal disease were independent factors that contributed to the mortality of the hemodialysis patients. There was a high incidence of CCVD among the hemodialysis patients, but the etiology of CCVD may differ depending on the underlying renal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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