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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55 ; 07.60 ; 07.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the increase of efficiency for high-order anti-Stokes Raman scattering using a cryogenic Raman cell. By cooling the cell to liquid-nitrogen temperature, output energies of the 9th-order anti-Stokes wave at 133 nm in normal hydrogen were enhanced by a factor of 10, and the 11th-order anti-Stokes line at 141 nm in normal deuterium appeared, while no output was observed at room temperature. No output energy enhancement, however, was obtained using cooled para-hydrogen as a result of multiple rotational Raman scattering. For long-term operation, the output window surface of the Raman cell was kept at above 200 K in order to protect it from deposition, the absorption of which is detrimental to VUV transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 18 (1995), S. 188-189 
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Rib cartilage ; Warping ; Kirschner's wire ; Augmentation rhinoplasty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The main problem associated with grafting rib cartilage to the nasal dorsum is postoperative warping. This study evaluated the use of a metal rod to prevent the rib cartilage from warping. The 8th rib cartilages, taken bilaterally from eight young fresh human cadavers, were carved into blocks 6×6×35 mm. Blocks obtained from the right side of the cadavers were pierced with a Kirschner's wire (Ø0.7 mm) along their long axis. After scoring one side of all the blocks at 1 mm intervals to a depth of 2 mm, they were immersed in saline solution. 48 h after scoring, the curvature of the blocks with a rod was significantly less than the curvature of the blocks without a rod (mean=4°, 42° respectively, p〈0.001). The results suggest that a metal rod, used as a strut for rib cartilage graft, prevents postoperative warping and may obviate the need for a second operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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