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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • Screwing  (2)
  • Sensitivity analysis  (1)
  • 24.70.+s
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Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1998), S. 353-357 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Sacrum ; Anatomy ; Osteosynthesis ; Screwing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Direct measurements and measurements from images of axial cross-sections on 20 cadaveric sacra that had been scanned on computer were used in this study. The measurements, including parameters from the vertebral body, lateral mass and spinal canal of the second sacral vertebra (S2) were performed. The length of the screw path and the optimal angulation of the screw placement for dorsal sacral internal fixation were also included. The mean values of height, anteroposterior diameter, width and breadth of the S2 were 25.0 mm, 13.5 mm, 29.4 mm and 83.0 mm, respectively. The mean values of the mid-sagittal diameter, maximum transverse diameter and area of the S2 spinal canal were 10.3 mm, 23.1 mm and 162.4 mm2, respectively. The mean transpedicular screw length of the S2 and optimal medial angle were 25.2 mm and 30.0f, respectively. The mean lateral mass screw length of the S2 and optimal lateral angle were 32.8 mm and 22.0f, respectively. The present study provides quantitative anatomic data of the second sacral vertebra. All parameters indicate that, compared with our previous study, S2 is smaller than S1. When S2 lateral mass screw fixation is intended, anchoring the anterior cortex may violate the iliac vessels or lumbosacral trunk; therefore, understanding the unique anatomy of the S2 is imperative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1997), S. 353-357 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Sacrum ; Anatomy ; Osteosynthesis ; Screwing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les mesures ont été réalisées directement sur 20 sacrums de cadavres et à partir d'images scannérisées à partir de coupes transversales. Ces mesures intéressaient les paramètres du corps vertébral, de la partie latérale du sacrum, et du canal sacral à hauteur de la deuxième vertèbre sacrale (S2). Nous avons également mesuré la longueur du trajet de la vis et l'angle optimal de son insertion pour une fixation interne par voie postérieure. Les valeurs moyennes étaient les suivantes : hauteur 25,0 mm, diamètre sagittal 13,5 mm, épaisseur 29,4 mm, et largeur 83,0 mm. Les valeurs moyennes intéressant le canal sacral en S2 étaient les suivantes : diamètre sagittal médian 10,3 mm, diamètre transversal maximum 23,1 mm, surface 162,4 mm2. La longueur moyenne de la vis pédiculaire de S2 était de 25,2 mm et sa direction optimale était oblique en avant et médialement de 30,0° par rapport au plan sagittal. La longueur moyenne de la vis alaire insérée dans la partie latérale du sacrum en S2 était de 32,8 mm et sa direction optimale était oblique en avant et latéralement de 22,0°. La présente étude fournit des données anatomiques quantitatives concernant la deuxième vertèbre sacrale. En comparaison avec les données rapportées dans notre précédent travail, tous les paramètres montrent que S2 est plus petite que S1. Si l'on veut tenter la fixation de la vis dans la partie latérale de S2, la traversée de la corticale antérieure peut léser les vaisseaux iliaques ou le tronc lombo-sacral. C'est pourquoi la compréhension de l'anatomie particulière de S2 est indispensable.
    Notes: Summary Direct measurements and measurements from images of axial cross-sections on 20 cadaveric sacra that had been scanned on computer were used in this study. The measurements, including parameters from the vertebral body, lateral mass and spinal canal of the second sacral vertebra (S2) were performed. The length of the screw path and the optimal angulation of the screw placement for dorsal sacral internal fixation were also included. The mean values of height, anteroposterior diameter, width and breadth of the S2 were 25.0 mm, 13.5 mm, 29.4 mm and 83.0 mm, respectively. The mean values of the mid-sagittal diameter, maximum transverse diameter and area of the S2 spinal canal were 10.3 mm, 23.1 mm and 162.4 mm2, respectively. The mean transpedicular screw length of the S2 and optimal medial angle were 25.2 mm and 30.0°, respectively. The mean lateral mass screw length of the S2 and optimal lateral angle were 32.8 mm and 22.0°, respectively. The present study provides quantitative anatomic data of the second sacral vertebra. All parameters indicate that, compared with our previous study, S2 is smaller than S1. When S2 lateral mass screw fixation is intended, anchoring the anterior cortex may violate the iliac vessels or lumbosacral trunk; therefore, understanding the unique anatomy of the S2 is imperative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 246-258 
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. GPS ; Temporal correlations ; Sensitivity analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. Due to the steady progress in global positioning system (GPS) technology and methods of data evaluation, it is possible to obtain highly precise relative point positions also for extensive geodetic networks. However, some limiting influences such as temporal correlations of observational data are neglected in most of the GPS processing programs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the impact of these neglected correlations on the coordinates and their accuracy measures. In this paper the sensitivity and reliability of GPS positioning over long baselines when temporal correlations are modelled with the aid of a correlation function are discussed. The implementation in the variance–covariance matrix and the subsequent evaluation process require a considerable amount of computing time and memory. Therefore it is necessary to use appropriate numerical methods such as approximated matrix inversion in order to reduce the numerical requirements. After the description of the methodical and numerical handling of the temporal correlations, exemplary results are given to illustrate the effects on position and accuracy of GPS stations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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