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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 3 (1995), S. 217-225 
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ; Agonistic behaviour ; Cannibalism ; Stocking density ; Tank surface area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A high rate of sibling cannibalism is one of the principal obstacles in the rearing of larvae and juveniles of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. This paper examines the underlying behavioural components of agonistic behaviour under culture conditions. Ten day old catfish larvae were stocked at 30 larvae l−1 in three tank designs with different surface areas and equal volumes. Stocking densities were 1.2, 0.6 and 0.3 fish cm−2 bottom surface. Growth did not differ between treatments. The highest mortality over 30 days was recorded at the medium density (0.6 larvae l−1). Fish stocked at this density showed the highest rate of aggression, while there was no difference in aggression between the highest and the lowest stocking densities. The results indicate that stocking density should be at least as high as 1.2 larvae cm−2 bottom surface area to obtain high production at best survival rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Weather-Resistant Plastics and Fabrics in Automotive Engineering - Correlation between Natural and Artifical Weathering - Part IIPlastics and textiles used in automotive engineering are partly exposed to extreme weathering influences. These produce an ageing of the materials and components, which can become visible e.g. in the form of cracks, color changes or deformations.The first part of this report dealed with climatic variables that are important for the ageing of polymer materials and the stresses on vehicle components due to climate.In the second part test methods used to prove the weathering resistance will be presented, first the natural weathering, then some short-time testing methods of artificial weathering. Further the correlation between natural and artificial weathering will be explained using selected examples.
    Notes: Kunststoffe und Textilien sind im Automobilbau zum Teil extremen Witterungseinflüssen ausgesetzt. Diese bewirken eine Alterung der Materialien und Bauteile, die z. B. in Form von Rissen, Farbänderungen oder Verformungen sichtbar werden kann.Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrages wurden die für die Alterung von Polymerwerkstoffen wesentlichen Klimagrößen und die hieraus resultierenden Beanspruchungen von Fahrzeugbauteilen beschrieben.Im zweiten Teil werden Methoden zur Prüfung der Witterungsbeständigkeit vorgestellt, zunächst die Freibewitterung, bei der die Prüfobjekte der natürlichen Witterung ausgesetzt sind, danach einige Kurzzeitprüfmethoden, die auf künstlich in Geräten erzeugten Klimata basieren. Anschließend wird die Korrelation zwischen Frei- und Gerätebewitterung anhand ausgewählter Beispiele dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 34-41 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Selektive Korrosion und korrosionsinduzierte Rißbildung der δ Phase des Systems Zink-EisenIn schwach sauren Sulfatlösungen wurde die selektive anodische Auflösung von Zink aus der spröden δ Phase des Systems Zink-Eisen untersucht. Anhand elektrochemischer Messungen, licht- und rasterelektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen, Elektronenstrahl-Mikroanalyse und Röntgendiffraktometrie wird gezeigt, daß dieser Prozeß Konzentrationsgradienten in der Legierungsphase erzeugt, die einen lokalen Spannungszustand hervorrufen und dadurch zur Rißbildung führen. Durch das Zusammenspiel von selektiver Korrosion und Rißbildung wird die Zerstörung der δ Phase erheblich verstärkt. Eine diffusionsgesteuerte Bildung der eisenreicheren Phasen Γ1 und Γ wird nicht beobachtet. Die ultimative Korrosionsmorphologie bei der Entzinkung der δ Phase ist vielmehr eine Schwammstruktur, die anscheinend aus porigem Ferrit besteht, dessen Zinkkonzentration seine Raumtemperatur-Löslichkeit erheblich überschreitet.
    Notes: The preferential anodic dissolution of zinc from the brittle zinciron δ phase has been investigated in acidified sulphate solutions. From electrochemical measurements, light optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and X-ray diffraction experiments it is deduced that this process results in the formation of considerable concentration gradients within the alloy phase that set up a local state of stress and thus induce the formation of cracks. By the interplay of de-alloying and crack propagation the corrosion degradation of the δ phase is significantly enhanced. Diffusion driven phase transformations to form the iron-rich intermediate phases, Γ1 and Γ, were not observed. The ultimate corrosion morphology that results from the de-alloying of the δ phase is rather a sponge structure which appears to consist of porous ferrite with a zinc concentration that considerably exceeds its room temperature solubility limit.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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