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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Karlsburg Type I diabetes risk study of a general population: frequencies and interactions of the four major Type I diabetes-associated autoantibodies studied in 9419 schoolchildren (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 661-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; prediction ; screening approach ; schoolchildren ; normal population ; autoantibodies ; GADA ; IA2A ; IAA ; ICA.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The Karlsburg Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes risk study on schoolchildren aims to evaluate the predictive diagnostic value of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in the general population. Methods. We took capillary serum from 9419 schoolchildren, aged 6–17 years, for testing of autoantibodies (AAbs) to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA2A) and insulin (IAA) by 125I-antigen binding. We also tested for autoantibodies to cytoplasmic islet cell antigens (ICA) immunohistochemically. Results. By testing of 9419 sera for the four AAbs at cut-off at or greater than the 98th centile for the radioassayed AAbs and at or greater than 10 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (JDF) units for ICA, 8.1 % of schoolchildren had at least one AAb. We found that 3.04, 2.97, 2.35, and 0.86 % had IAA, GADA, IA2A or ICA, respectively. 7.3 % had only one AAb and 0.8 % (75) had two or more AAbs, reflecting a risk to develop diabetes. Thus, by primary screening by combined testing of GADA and IA2A, 98.7 % (74/75) would be identified. At high AAb levels, cut-off at or greater than the 99.8th centile and at or greater than 40 JDF units for ICA, 0.23 % (22/9419) of schoolchildren, similar to the disease prevalence of 0.3 %, had two or more AAbs. Ten of 17 children tested had reduced (p 〈 0.001) first-phase insulin secretion by intravenous glucose tolerance test. Six of 22 subjects developed Type I diabetes within a follow-up of 19 ± 10 months. Conclusion/interpretation. For children older than 5 years the combined anti-GAD/IA2 test with cut-off at or greater than the 98th centile should be used for primary screening followed by testing for IAA and ICA. Subjects at risk for diabetes have two or more AAbs at or greater than the 98th centile. Subjects at risk for rapid progression to Type I diabetes have two or more AAbs at or greater than the 99.8th centile. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 661–670]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenität von Polyestergefäßprothesen (Dacron) (1999)
    Springer
    Gefässchirurgie 4 (1999), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Biokompatibilität ; Antigenität ; Polyester ; Kollagen ; Key words Biocompatibility ; Antigenicity ; Polyester ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract At present there is neither an completely inert biomaterial available, nor does a universal test exist which objectively evaluates biocompatibility. One reason is the individuality of the host, especially with regard to the inflammatory response. Inflammation was found to induce biodegradation by hydrolysis or auto-oxidation of vascular prosthetic matrix after implantation. The present study was performed to investigate the specific humoral immune response after implantation of segments of a collagen-impregnated polyester prosthesis (Dacron) in Balb/c mice on experimental days 1, 18, 38, and 322. Serum antibody detection was performed by modified enzyme immunoassay using the prosthesis as a target. Specific polymer antibodies, enhanced by repeated implantations, could be detected in all mice which received grafts up to experimental day 322. These antibodies were not directed against the collagen coating. The antibody formation could be further enhanced by a combined administration of complete Freund's adjuvant together with the first implantation at experimental day 1. Results suggest that specific polymer antibodies, reflecting an inflammatory response, might be an additional parameter for biocompatibility testing of vascular prostheses.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bisher stehen keine komplett inerten Biomaterialien zur Verfügung und es existiert kein universeller Test zur Objektivierung der Biokompatibilität. Dies resultiert aus der individuellen Variabilität des Empfängerorganismus, insbesondere hinsichtlich der entzündlichen Reaktionsbereitschaft. Auch nach Implantation von Gefäßprothesen aus polymeren Biomaterialien kommt es zu einem chronischen Entzündungsprozeß. Dieser führt ursächlich durch Hydrolyse oder Autoxidation zur Biodegradation des Implantats. Mit unseren Untersuchungen galt es, eine möglicherweise bestehende, spezifische humorale Immunantwort nach Implantation von Segmenten einer kollagenimprägnierten Polyesterprothese (Dacron) in einem Tiermodell darzulegen. Balb/c-Mäusen wurde am 1., 18., 38. und 290. Versuchstag ein Prothesensegment intraperitoneal implantiert. Die Bestimmung der Serumantikörper erfolgte mit einem modifizierten Enzymimmunoassay unter Verwendung der Prothese als Target. Spezifische Antikörper gegen Polymere wurden nach wiederholter Implantation bei allen Tieren bis zum 322. Versuchstag nachgewiesen. Dabei konnte eine Antikörperbildung gegen die Kollagenimprägnierung ausgeschlossen werden. Die Antikörperbildung wurde durch den Zusatz von komplettem Freund-Adjuvans in Verbindung mit der ersten Implantation verstärkt. Der Nachweis von spezifischen Antikörpern gegen Polymere könnte zukünftig ein Parameter zur Testung der Biokompatibilität darstellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010549
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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