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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Shock waves 8 (1998), S. 351-359 
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Key words:Detonation, Detonation instability, Detonation structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract. To interpret the results of direct numerical simulations for the one-dimensional pulsating detonation, a nonlinear oscillator model is proposed based on the integral conservation considerations. A gauging procedure is suggested in which the results from the direct numerical simulation are used to compute the coefficients of the oscillator equation. Various terms of the oscillator equation obtained are compared with those of mechanical nonlinear oscillators in order to illustrate their analogy. Among many important features captured by this nonlinear oscillator equation, the oscillatory behavior of the detonation wave front can be interpreted as resonant excitation of the chemical energy release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 94 (1997), S. 157-160 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Episkleritis ; Skleritis ; Systemerkrankung ; Autoantikörper ; Key words Episcleritis ; Scleritis ; Systemic disease ; Autoantibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Background: Episcleritis and scleritis can be caused by various systemic disorders, which can be triggered by infectious diseases. We studied the autoantibody pattern against various organ-specific and non-organ-specific antigens in episcleritis and scleritis patients. Material and methods: Sera from 46 patients (episcleritis n = 28, scleritis n = 18) were studied for antibodies against nuclei, smooth muscle cells, mitochondria, endothelial cells, sarcolemma, liver cells, heart muscle fibrils, parietal cells and thyroid cells by immunofluorescence testing. Titers of antibodies against thyroglobulin, laminin, keratin and microsomes were evaluated by ELISA. Results: In patients with episcleritis the pattern of autoantibodies found was different from that in scleritis patients. Thus, in epi-scleritis the levels of antibodies against sarcolemma (32%), parietal cells (25%), laminin (38%), keratin (58%) and microsomes (28%) were elevated, while scleritis patients, besides keratin antibodies (50%), demonstrated anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) in 28% of cases. These differences were not significant. Approximately 5% of normal control patients show these antibodies. Conclusions: Previous studies have shown that episcleritis rarely develops into scleritis. Our results suggest that this may be due to different underlying diseases. While 28% of scleritis patients had ANA, which may suggest an autoimmune disposition related to collagenosis, episcleritis patients had a different autoantibody pattern such as has been found in various infectious diseases and diseases for which triggering by infectious organisms seems possible, such as anterior uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis and Behçet disease. Investigations in larger groups of patients are needed to check the statistical significance of these differences.
    Notes: Fragestellung: Episkleritis und Skleritis können zahlreiche Systemerkrankungen zugrundeliegen, die teilweise durch Infektionen ausgelöst sein können. Wir haben bei diesen Patienten das Autoantikörpermuster gegen zahlreiche organspezifische und organunspezifische Antigene untersucht. Material und Methodik: Seren von 46 Patienten (Episkleritis n = 28, Skleritis n = 18) wurden mittels Immunfluoreszenztest untersucht hinsichtlich Antikörpern gegen Kerne, glatte Muskelzellen, Mitochondrien, Endothelzellen, Sarkolemm, Leberzellen, Herzmuskelfibrillen, Parietalzellen und Schilddrüsenzellen. Mittels ELISA wurden die Titer gegen Thyreoglobulin, Laminin, Keratin und Mikrosomen bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Es ergab sich bei Episkleritispatienten ein anderes Autoantikörperprofil als bei Skleritispatienten. So ließen sich bei Episkleritis Antikörper gegen Sarkolemm (32%), Parietalzellen (25%), Laminin (38%), Keratin (58%) und Mikrosomen (28%) nachweisen, während bei Skleritispatienten neben ebenfalls erhöhten Keratintitern (50%) antinukleäre Antikörper (28%) gefunden wurden. Allerdings sind die Unterschiede nicht signifikant. Gesunde Kontrollpersonen weisen diese Antikörper zu ca. 5% auf. Schlußfolgerung: Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, daß eine Episkleritis nur selten in eine Skleritis übergeht. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß dies u. a. an der zugrundeliegenden Erkrankung liegt. Während sich bei Skleritispatienten zu 28% antinukleäre Antikörper nachweisen ließen, die auf eine autoimmune Disposition für Erkrankungen aus dem Kreis der Kollagenosen hindeuten, zeigten die Episkleritispatienten ein Autoantikörpermuster, wie es bei zahlreichen Systemerkrankungen gefunden wurde, bei denen eine infektiöse Genese diskutiert wird, wie anteriore Uveitis, ankylosierende Spondylitis und Morbus Behçet. Größere Patientengruppen sind notwendig, um eine klarere statistische Aussage zu treffen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Anti-ganglioside antibodies ; Anti-phospholipid antibodies ; Anti-serotonin antibodies ; Fibromyalgia syndrome ; 5-HT-receptor blocker ; Ritanserin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate in a double-blind manner the effect of the long-acting 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 (5-HT2)-receptor blocker Ritanserin on clinical symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) and on production of antibodies to serotonin, gangliosides and phospholipids, recently shown to have a high incidence in this disease. Fifty-one female patients with typical FM were included in the 16-week study: 24 received Ritanserin and 27 received a placebo. Antibodies to 5-HT, gangliosides (Gm1) and phospholipids (thromboplastin) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at day 0 and at the end of week 16. The psychological and physical status, including tender points, of the patients was evaluated at day 0 and at the end of weeks 4 and 16. At the end of the study, there was an improvement (p〈0.05) in feeling refreshed in the morning in the Ritanserin-treated group and headache was also significantly improved compared with the placebo group. There was no difference in pain, fatigue, sleep, morning stiffness, anxiety and tender point counts in the Ritanserin and placebo groups. Fifty-one per cent of the 51 patients had at least one of the three antibodies to 5-HT, Gm1 and phospholipids. The incidence and activity of these antibodies were not influenced by Ritanserin or placebo. The observation that Ritanserin has only a small effect on clinical symptoms indicates that disturbances in serotonin metabolism or uptake may be only one factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. The high incidence of a defined autoantibody pattern in FM could again be confirmed in this study. However, it remains speculative whether immunological reactions are, indeed, involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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