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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (2)
  • castoreum  (2)
  • Black-tailed deer
  • mammals
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Beaver ; Castor canadensis ; castoreum ; communication ; neutral compounds ; phenolic compounds ; principal components ; social odors ; territory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract North American beaver (Castor canadensis) were observed to sniff from the water and make land visits to some synthetic chemical components of castoreum placed on experimental scent mounds (ESM). In previous analysis, the elicitation (presence/absence), completeness, and/or strength (number, duration) of these key responses served as separate measures of biological activity. In this paper, we used principal components analysis (PCA) to combine linearly six related measures of observed response and one index of overnight visitation calculated over all trials. The first principal component accounted for a majority of the variation and allowed ranking of the samples based on their composite bioactivity. A second PCA, based only on response trials (excluding trials with no responses), showed that responses to the synthetic samples, once elicited, did not vary greatly in completeness or strength. None of the samples evoked responses as complete or strong as the castoreum control. Castoreum also elicited more multiple land visits (repeated visits to the ESM by the same individual or by more than one family member) than the synthetic samples, indicating that an understanding of the castoreum chemosignal requires consideration of responses by the family unit, and not just the land visit by the initial responder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1745-1762 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: beaver ; Castor canadensis ; castoreum ; neutral compounds ; monoterpenes ; co-injection ; fractionation ; identification ; synthesis ; territory marking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract North American beavers (Castor canadensis) mark their territories with castoreum, the strong-smelling paste in their castor sacs. In their own territories, beavers respond with scent marking to experimental scent marks that consist of strange castoreum (or selected components). In part, the unique odor of castoreum is due to large amounts of phenolic compounds and neutral compounds. Purified neutral compounds were analyzed by GC. GC-MS, and NMR; identities of the neutral compounds were confirmed by comparing the properties of authentic compounds with those of the isolated compounds. We identified 13 neutral compounds that had not been reported before for castoreum. Most of these are oxygen-containing monoterpenes. Of the nine neutral compounds reported by Lederer (1949), only three are confirmed in our analysis; the other six neutral compounds are either absent or are not volatile enough to be detected by our methods. Eight compounds—6-methyl-l-heptanol, 4,6-dimethyl-l-heptanol, isopinocamphone, pinocamphone, two linalool oxides, and their acetates—were synthesized for structure identification and bioassays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 701-704 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: N-Silyl amides ; Precursor ; 14N-NMR ; Titanium ; Tungsten ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of hexachlorodisilazanyllithium (Cl3Si)2NLi (1), with TiCl4 leads selectively to the novel fully chlorinated amides (Cl3Si)2NTiCl3 (2) or [(Cl3Si)2N]2 TiCl2 (3), respectively, depending on the molar ratio of the starting materials. The analogous reaction of 1 with WCl6 yielded the amide imide Cl3SiN=W(Cl3)N(SiCl3)2 (5) by elimination of SiCl4. The relative amounts of the starting materials had no effect on the formation of 5. 14/15N- and 29Si-NMR data on the starting materials and products show significantly different effects, when compared with those of analogous N-trimethylsilyl derivatives, due to the lower energy of the electrons in the N—Si and N—M ß bonds. The crystal structure of 5 (triclinic, space group P1) was determined by X-ray structure analysis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 2048-2052 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Borane ; diborane ; borazine ; NMR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaktion von Hexamethyldisilazan mit Boran in TetrahydrofuranHexamethyldisilazan 1 reagiert mit Boran in Tetrahydrofuran (THF—BH3, 2) zunächst unter Bildung des Addukts (Me3Si)2NH—BH3 (3), das dann entweder in N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-μ-aminodiboran(6) 5 oder in eine Mischung aus 5 und N-Trimethylsilyl-μ-aminodiboran(6) 6 übergeht, abhängig von den Reaktionsbedingungen. Die Verbindungen 5 und 6 lassen sich quantitativ in das N,N′,N″-Tris(trimethylsilyl)borazin 4 überführen. Dabei werden drei Zwischenstufen identifiziert, nämlich N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoboran 7, N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)amino(N′-trimethylsilylamino)boran 8 und N-Trimethylsilylaminoboran-Trimer 9. Alle Produkte und Zwischenstufen wurden mittels Multikern-NMR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert, und Kopplungskonstanten 1J(29Si, 15N) in 5 und 6 wurden mit der Hahn-echo extended (HEED) INEPT Pulssequenz in den 29Si NMR Spektren bestimmt.
    Notes: Hexamethyldisilazane 1 reacts with borane in tetrahydrofuran (THF—BH3, 2) first by formation of an adduct (Me3Si)2NH—BH3 (3), and then either to the N,N-bis-(trimethylsilyl)-μ-aminodiborane 5 or to the mixture of 5 and N-trimethylsilyl-μ-aminodiborane(6) 6, depending on the reaction conditions. The compounds 5 and 6 can be quantitatively converted to the N,N′,N″-tris(trimethylsilyl)borazine 4. Three intermediates can be identified, namely N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)borane 7, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)amino(N′-trimethylsilylamino)borane 8 and N-trimethylsilylaminoborane-trimer. All products and intermediates were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and coupling constant 1J(29Si, 15N) were measured from 29Si NMR spectra by using the Hahn-echo-extended (HEED) INEPT pulse sequence.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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