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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 37-42 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: archaeon ; ADPribose ; glycation ; ADPribose transferase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, protein ADPribosylation by free ADPribose was demonstrated by testing both [adenine-14C(U)]ADPR and [adenine- 14C(U)]NAD as substrates. The occurrence of this process was shown by using specific experimental conditions. Increasing the incubation time and lowering the pH of the reaction mixture enhanced the protein glycation by free ADPribose. At pH 7.5 and 10 min incubation, the incorporation of free ADPribose into proteins was highly reduced. Under these conditions, the autoradiographic pattern showed that, among the targets of ADPribose electrophoresed after incubation with 32P-NAD, the proteins modified by free 32P-ADPribose mostly corresponded to high molecular mass components. Among the compounds known to inhibit the eukaryotic poly-ADPribose polymerase, only ZnCl2 highly reduced the ADPribose incorporation from NAD into the ammonium sulphate precipitate. A 20% inhibition was measured in the presence of nicotinamide or 3-aminobenzamide. No inhibition was observed replacing NAD with ADPR as substrate. J. Cell. Biochem. 66: 37-42, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 461-465 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Maternal pineal gland ; Prepubertal phase ; Oocyte ; Nucleus ; Nucleole ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Sexual maturation is a very complex phenomenom that it is mediated by the ontogeny of the hypothalamus-pituitarygonadal axis during intrauterine life. The maternal pineal gland can affect fetal development because the main pineal hormone, melatonin, crosses the placental barrier. We found that melatonin treatment during gestation in the rat produced delayed sexual maturation of the female offspring. The present work was undertaken to study the maturational stage of oocytes of prepubertal female rats when their mothers were either pinealectomized (PIN-X) or treated with melatonin (MEL) during pregnancy.Methods: Three groups of female Wistar rats were used: control, PIN-X, and those treated (250 μg/100 g body weight) with melatonin throughout pregnancy. Ovaries of 25-30- and 34-day-old female offspring were studied during the prepubertal phase. Morphometric studies of semithin sections (1 μm) of the ovaries were performed. Oocyte, nuclear, and nucleolar volumes were calculated by a computer-assisted program (M.I.P.) in an image analyzer Kontron. Regularity of the structures was determined by the frequency distributions of circular and regular form factors.Results: Cytometric study of oocyte structure showed a frequency distribution of regular and circular form factors, with a high degree of regularity very close to unit. Cellular and nuclear volumes of follicular oocytes showed a transitory increase at 30 days of age in control rats. In the offspring of MEL-treated mother rats, a pattern of oocyte development showed significantly lower nuclear and nucleolar volumes at 30 days of age than at the other time points and significantly lower cellular volume at 34 days of age than at 25 days of age. In the offspring of PIN-X mother rats, no significant differences in oocyte cellular volumes were observed throughout prepubertal development, but we observed a significantly higher nuclear volume at 25 days of age and a significantly lower nucleolar volume at 30 days of age.Conclusions: These findings show that the maternal pineal gland participates in cellular and nuclear volumes of prepubertal oocyte development. Melatonin treatment during pregnancy resulted in a redirected postnatal oocyte development. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: reactive oxygen intermediates ; nucleotides ; glutathione ; redox state ; energy charge ; DNA damage ; apoptosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Despite its recognition as the most prevalent HIV associated cancer, speculation still abounds regarding the pathogenesis of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). However, it has been established that both cytokines, e.g. IL-6, and HIV-associated products, e.g., Tat, are integral in AIDS-KS cellular proliferation. Further, both experimental and clinical evidence is accumulating to link reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) with both cytokine induction (primarily via nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] dependent routes) as well as the subsequent cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) stimulation of HIV replication. Features of AIDS-KS patients, such as retention of phagocytes, presence of sustained immunostimulation, and a frequent history of KS lesions arising at traumatized sites, make oxidant stress a viable clinical factor in AIDS-KS development. Time course nucleotide profile analyses show that AIDS-KS cells have an inherent, statistically significant, biochemical deficit, even prior to oxidant stress, due to (1) a more glycolytic bioenergetic profile, resulting in lower levels of high energy phosphates (impairing capacity for glutathione [GSH] synthesis and DNA repair); (2) lower levels of NADPH (compromising the activities of GSSG reductase and peroxidase function of catalase); and (3) reduced levels of GSH (impeding both GSH peroxidase and GSH-S-transferases). Following exposure to physiologically relevant levels of H2O2 only the human microvascular endothelial cells (a putative AIDS-KS progenitor cell) responded with bioenergetic adaptations that reflected co-ordination of energy generating and cytoprotective pathways, e.g., retention of the cellular energy charge, increased NAD+, and an accentuation of the ATP, NADPH, and total adenine nucleotide differences relative to AIDS-KS cells. Also, some of the AIDS-KS strains retained intracellular GSSG subsequent to oxidant challenge, inviting the formation of deleterious protein mixed disulfides. While the results of our study address some AIDS-KS issues, they also raise an etiological question, i.e., Does the inability to tolerate oxidant stress arise in conjunction with AIDS-KS neoplastic development, or is it pre-existing in the population at risk? Regardless, use of antioxidant therapy (low risk/potentially high benefit) in both the “at risk” population as well as in those individuals with active disease may prove a useful preventative and/or treatment modality. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: aflatoxin B1 ; aflatoxin albumin adducts ; biomarkers ; enzyme induction ; glutathione S-transferases ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Oltipraz has been used clinically in many regions of the world as an antischistosomal agent and is an effective inhibitor of aflatoxin hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. This chemopreventive action of oltipraz results primarily from an altered balance in aflatoxin metabolic activation and detoxication. In 1995, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind intervention was conducted in residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China, who are at high risk for exposure to aflatoxin and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The major study objectives were to define a dose and schedule for oltipraz that would reduce levels of aflatoxin biomarkers in biofluids of the participants, and to further characterize dose-limiting side effects. Two hundred thirty-four healthy eligible individuals, including those infected with HBV, were randomized to receive either 125 mg oltipraz daily, 500 mg oltipraz weekly, or placebo. Blood and urine specimens were collected to monitor potential toxicities and evaluate biomarkers over the 8-week intervention and subsequent 8-week follow-up periods. Overall, compliance in the intervention was excellent; approximately 85% of the participants completed the study. Objective evaluation of adverse events was greatly facilitated by inclusion of a placebo arm in the study design. A syndrome involving numbness, tingling, and pain in the fingertips was the only event that occurred more frequently among the active groups (18 and 14% of the daily 125 mg and weekly 500 mg arms, respectively) compared to placebo (3%). These symptoms were reversible and could be relieved with non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents. A more complete understanding of the chemopreventive utility of oltipraz awaits completion of an assessment of the efficacy of oltipraz in modulating levels of aflatoxin biomarkers. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 28/29:166-173. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 42 (1995), S. 298-302 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Equine ; Embryo ; Development ; Transcription ; Nucleolus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The time of activation of the embryonic genome (maternal-embryonic transition) in equine embryos was investigated by assessing incorporation of 3H-uridine and nucleolar development. In Experiment 1, embryos were recovered from the oviduct (n = 15) and the uterus (n = 3). Recovered embryos were assessed for morphologic development and quality score. Recovered embryos with less than 8 cells (two cells, n = 4; four cells, n = 5; five cells, n = 2) were incubated with 3H-uridine (560 μCi/ml) for 10 hr, while eight-cell embryos (n = 2), morulae (n = 2), and blastocysts (n = 3) were incubated with 280 μCi/ml for 0.5-1 hr. At the end of incubation, embryos were washed twice in PBS with 10% FBS and incubated for 30 min with 2.5 mg/ml of unlabelled uridine. Embryos were spread onto glass slides, dipped into emulsion, and exposed for 8 d, then developed and counter-stained with Giemsa and propidium iodide. Embryos at the blastocyst, morula, eight-cell, and five-cell stages incorporated 3H-uridine into their cell nuclei as detected by autoradiography. In a second experiment, nucleologenesis in equine embryos was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Nucleoli or nucleolar precursors were found in 12 of 23 embryos examined. Most embryos in the four- to six-cell stage (n = 7) had nucleolar precursor bodies (npb) consisting of homogeneous fibrillar structures. Two five- to six-cell embryos also possessed reticulated nucleoli with both fibrillar and granular components as did all eight-cell embryos (n = 3). Nucleoli in one morula and one blastocyst were reticulated with prominent granular components, fibrillar components, and apparent fibrillar centers. These results indicate that incorporation of 3H-uridine and the formation of functional nucleoli with typical fibrillar and granular components occurs between the four- to eight-cell stage in equine embryos. © 1995 wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1058-8388
    Keywords: Lhx3 ; LIM ; Homeodomain ; Pituitary ; CNS ; Development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Murine Lhx3 cDNA isolated from the mouse pituitary cDNA library encodes a LIM-type homeodomain protein that contains two tandemly repeated LIM domains and the homeodomain. The identities of predicted amino acid sequences between the mouse Lhx3 and Xenopus Xlim-3 genes are 80, 95, and 97% in the LIM domains 1 and 2, and the homeodomain, respectively, and 84% in the entire protein. 5′-RACE procedures and genomic cloning revealed that two distinct N-terminal sequences arise from two different exons 1a and 1b. Exon 1a encodes a sequence similar to that of Xlim-3, whereas exon 1b encodes a different N-terminus. It is likely that there are two transcription initiation sites in the Lhx3 gene. The Lhx3 transcripts were detected by whole mount in situ hybridization as early as day E9.5 post coitum in Rathke's pouch and the closing neural tube. During subsequent development, Lhx3 expression was observed in the anterior and intermediate but not in the posterior lobes of the pituitary, and in the ventral hindbrain and spinal cord. Northern blot analysis of adult tissues showed that Lhx3 mRNA persists in the pituitary. The expression pattern of Lhx3 is well conserved between Xenopus and mouse, underscoring the functional importance of this gene as a regulator of development. A number of established cell lines of pituitary origin express Lhx3 and therefore constitute a useful tool for further study of Lhx3 gene function. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 458-468 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Duchenne muscular dystrophy ; Arrhythmias ; Ventricle ; His bundle ; Left bundle branches ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is frequently associated with myocardial involvement. Dystrophin, the DMD protein, is found at the plasmamembrane of striated muscle fibers. Although dystrophin is missing in most or all muscle fibers of DMD patients, cardiac muscle is not as severely affected as skeletal muscle. Therefore it is of great importance to study the expression of dystrophin in normal cardiac muscle. We performed immunohistochemical studies and examined cardiac muscle of fetuses of 8 to 13 weeks of development on dystrophin expression. At these stages dystrophin is observed in the myocytes of the developing ventricular conduction system and in the atrial cardiomyocytes. Dystrophin was absent from the heart of a 12-week-old DMD fetus. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lovastatin (LOV), a hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase competitive inhibitor, blocks epidermal growth factor (EGF) -  or prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) - induced mitogenesis in confluent resting Swiss 3T3 cells. This inhibition occurs even in the presence of insulin, which potentiates the action of these mitogens in such cells. LOV exerts its effect in a 2-80 μM concentration range, with both mitogens attaining 50% inhibition at 7.5 μM. LOV exerted its effect within 0-8 h following mitogenic induction. Mevanolactone (10-80 μM) in the presence of LOV could reverse LOV inhibition within a similar time period. LOV-induced blockage of PGF2α response is reflected in a decrease in the rate of cell entry into S phase. Neither cholesterol, ubiquinone, nor dolichols of various lengths could revert LOV blockage. In EGF- or PGF2α-stimulated cells, LOV did not inhibit [3H]leucine or [3H]mannose incorporation into proteins, while tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N′ glycosylation, prevented this last phenomenon. Thus, it appears that LOV exerts its action neither by inhibiting unspecific protein synthesis nor by impairing the N′ glycosylation process. These findings strongly suggest that either EGF or PGF2α stimulations generate early cell cycle signals which induce mevalonate formation, N′ glycoprotein synthesis, and proliferation. The causal relationship of these events to various mechanisms controlling the onset of DNA synthesis is also discussed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Selenites ; hydrates ; X-ray ; IR ; crystal structure ; pseudosymmetry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polymorphic and Pseudosymmetrical Hydrates MSeO3 · H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd)By crystallization from aqueous solutions of MSeO3 and M(HSeO3)2, the selenites MSeO3 · H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd) were obtained and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and IR-spectroscopy. The crystal structure of ZnSeO3 · H2O was determined. The IR spectra indicate that the hydrates are isotypic and contain H2O molecules of symmetry mm2. However, the X-ray data show different structure types with H2O molecules of site symmetry m or 1. CdSeO3 · H2O and MnSeO3 · H2O are isotypic (o.rh., MnSeO3 · D2O type). CoSeO3 · H2O (mon.) as well as the isotypic NiSeO3 · H2O and ZnSeO3 · H2O (mon.) form new structure types. These findings are discussed on the basis of the crystal structure of ZnSeO3 · H2O (P21/n, a = 477.9(1), b = 1319.4(5), c = 570.1(1) pm, β = 90.84(2)°, Z = 4, Dx = 3.886 g · cm-3, R = 0.035 for 722 reflections with I 〉 2σ1) and the local pseudosymmetry of its components, i.e., layers ∞2[ZnSeO3 · H2O] of ZnO6 octahedra sharing four equatorial vertices, SeO32- anions and H2O molecules.
    Notes: Durch Kristallisation aus MSeO3- und M(HSeO3)2-Lösungen wurden die Selenite MSeO3 · H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd) erhalten und röntgenographisch sowie IR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Von ZnSeO3 · H2O wurde die Kristallstruktur bestimmt. Die IR-Spektren deuten auf Isotypie der Hydrate und H2O-Moleküle der Symmetrie mm2. Die Röntgenbeugungsdaten zeigen dagegen das Vorliegen verschiedener Strukturtypen mit H2O-Molekülen der Lagesymmetrie m oder 1. CdSeO3 · H2O und MnSeO3 · H2O sind isotyp (o.rh., MnSeO3 · D2O-Typ). CoSeO3 · H2O (mon.) sowie die isotypen NiSeO3 · H2O und ZnSeO3 · H2O (mon.) kristallisieren in neuen Strukturtypen. Diese Befunde werden auf der Basis der Kristallstruktur von ZnSeO3 · H2O (P21/n, a = 477,9(1), b = 1319,4(5), c = 570,1(1) pm, β = 90,84(2)°, Z = 4, Dx = 3,886 g · cm-3, R = 0,035 für 722 Reflexe mit I 〉 2σ1) und der lokalen Pseudosymmetrie ihrer Bausteine (Schichten ∞2[ZnSeO3 · H2O] aus vierfach eckenverknüpften ZnO6-Oktaedern, SeO32--Anionen und H2O-Moleküle) diskutiert.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Zirconium ; Hafnium ; δ-Donor, π-Acceptor Complexes ; Diazadiene Ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,4-Diaza-1,3-diene Compounds of Early Transition Metals. σ-Donor and π-Acceptor Complexes of Zirconium and Hafnium with perphenyl-substituted DAD Ligands - a Comparison of StructuresReaction of 1,4-Diaza-1,3-dienes (DAD) with the Lewis-acid ZrCl4 affords σ-donor-complexes of composition ZrCl4 · DAD. The X-ray analysis of the (2c) (space group P1, triclinic; a = 11.339(2), b = 11.845(2), c = 12.415(3) Å, α = 107.94(2), β = 107.26(2), γ = 104.73(2)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0266) shows that both N-atoms of the s-cis-configurated DAD-ligand occupy two corners of a distorted octahedron. There is only slight difference between the C=N bond lengths of the coordinated and noncoordinated ligand. In the homoleptic DAD-complexes of the type M(DAD)3 [M = Zr (4b), Hf (5b), R = C6H4-4-Me] the DAD-ligands more act as π-acceptor ligands. X-ray analysis shows that the complexes [M = Zr (4b), Hf (5b), R = C6H4-4-Me] have the identical structure motive and crystallize in the triclinic space group P1 (4b: a = 14.904(1), b = 15.451(2), c = 19.584(4) Å, α = 112.08(1), β = 94.36(1), γ = 97.60(1)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0911; 5b a = 14.798(2), b = 18.226(2), c = 22.902(2) Å, α = 71.62(1), β = 72.38(1), γ = 87.27(1)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0644). The six N-atoms form a distorted octahedron in both complexes. The planarity of the five-membered rings and the almost similar C=N and C—C bond lengths are typical of the π-acceptor function of the diazadienes in 4b and 5b. The steric hindrance in 4b und 5b results in a dynamical behavior and a asymmetrical distortion at low temperatures as was observed by n.m.r.
    Notes: 1,4-Diaza-1,3-diene (DAD) bilden mit der Lewis-Säure ZrCl4 σ-Donor-Komplexe der Zusammensetzung ZrCl4 · DAD. Die Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse von (2c) (Raumgruppe P1, triklin; a = 11,339(2), b = 11,845(2), c = 12,415(3) Å, α = 107,94(2), β = 107,26(2), γ = 104,73(2)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0,0266) zeigt, daß die N-Atome des s-cis-konfigurierten DAD-Liganden zwei Eckpunkte eines verzerrten Oktaeders um das Zr-Atom besetzen. Die C=N-Bindungslängen des koordinierten DAD weichen kaum von denen eines freien Heterodiens ab. Überwiegend als π-Akzeptorligand sind die Diazadiene in den homoleptischen DAD-Komplexen des Typs M(DAD)3 [M = Ti (3a-c), Zr (4b), Hf (5b)] gebunden. Röntgenkristallstrukturanalysen beweisen, daß die beiden Verbindungen [M = Zr (4b), Hf (5b), R = C6H4-4-Me] das gleiche Strukturmotiv haben (Raumgruppe P1, triklin; 4b: a = 14,904(1), b = 15,451(2), c = 19,584(4) Å, α = 112,08(1), β = 94,36(1), γ = 97,60(1)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0,0911; 5b: a = 14,798(2), b = 18,226(2), c = 22,902(2) Å, α = 71,62(1), β = 72,38(1), γ = 87,27(1)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0,0644). Zr und Hf sind von den N-Atomen jeweils verzerrt oktaedrisch umgeben, die s-cis-konfigurierten DAD-Liganden bilden mit den Metallatomen nahezu planare Fünfringe. Charakteristisch für die Akzeptorfunktion der DAD-Liganden ist eine weitgehende Angleichung der C=N-und C—C-Bindungslängen. Die kompakten Molekülstrukturen von 4b und 5b bieten eine plausible Erklärung für das ungewöhnliche NMR-spektroskopische Verhalten dieser Verbindungen bei tiefen Temperaturen.
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