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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 253-258 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Liver trauma ; Surgical therapy ; Results. ; Schlüsselwörter: Lebertrauma ; chirurgische Therapie ; Ergebnisse.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Von Januar 1979 bis August 1996 wurden an der Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Ulm 178 Patienten aufgrund eines Lebertraumas chirurgisch versorgt. Es handelte sich dabei zu 91,6 % um stumpfe und nur zu 8,4 % um penetrierende Traumen. Bei 110 Fällen (62 %) handelte es sich um leichte Verletzungen der Schweregrade I und II, während sich bei 68 Patienten (38 %) schwere Traumen der Grade III, IV und V fanden. Die Letalitätsrate wird vom Schweregrad der Leberruptur und der Begleitverletzung bestimmt. Die Gesamtletalität lag bei 32 % (57 Patienten). Davon sind 28 Patienten an den Folgen der Leberverletzung verstorben. Dies bedeutet, die reine Sterblichkeit aufgrund der Leber betrug 15,7 %. Keiner der Patienten mit einer penetrierenden Verletzung ist verstorben. Die Komplikationsrate lag bei 55 %, wobei die Hämatombildung die am häufigsten beobachtete Komplikation darstellte (12,9 %), an zweiter Stelle folgte die Nachblutung mit 9,6 %. Die Absceßrate lag bei 2,8 %. Bei einem kreislaufstabilen Patienten sollte grundsätzlich die konservative Therapie angestrebt werden, sofern er die gegebenen Voraussetzungen erfüllt. Bei kreislaufinstabilen Patienten ist ein operatives Vorgehen unumgänglich. Das chirurgische Vorgehen hängt vom Schweregrad der Leberverletzung ab. Bei leichter Blutung steht die „einfache“ Versorgung durch Coagulation oder Naht im Vordergrund. Liegt eine schwere Blutung vor, so empfiehlt sich die Hepatotomie, die gezielte Blutstillung und Débridement (Pachters Vorgehen). Ist die Blutung nicht unter Kontrolle zu bringen, ist die perihepatische Bauchtuchtamponade das Mittel der Wahl.
    Notes: Summary. The management of 178 patients with liver trauma (132 male, 46 female; mean age 34 years (range 3–88) presenting from January 1979 to August 1996 is reviewed. There were 165 cases of blunt trauma and 13 cases of penetrating injury. 110 cases were classified as simple injuries (grade I or II) and 68 cases as complex injuries (grade III to V). The overall mortality was 32 % (57 patients). The mortality for true hepatic injury was 15.7 %. None of the patients with penetrating injuries died. Mortality was inflenced by the type of liver injury and the number of associated injuries. The postoperative complication rate was 55 %. The most-frequent postoperative complications related to the hepatic injury were intrahepatic or subcapsular hematoma (12.9 %) and postoperative bleeding (9.6 %). Intraabdominal abscess formation was seen in 2.8 %. Operative therapy for liver injuries depends on the grade of the injury. The majority of liver injuries can be managed by simple techniques, including electrocautery and application of hemostatic agents. In complex injuries hepatotomy, direct vessel ligation, and debridement of necrotic tissue is the method of choice (Pachter's procedure). In non-controlled bleeding, perihepatic picking is a standard method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 383 (1998), S. 485-491 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Gastric carcinoma ; Total gastrectomy ; Duodenal passage ; Pouch reconstruction ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: More than 60 different methods of reconstruction after total gastrectomy have been described. The different surgical procedures can be reduced essentially to pouch reconstruction, pouch size and maintenance of duodenal passage. Methods: To clarify the importance of pouch reconstruction and maintenance of duodenal passage, we reviewed all controlled prospectively randomized clinical studies reporting on the various methods of reconstruction after gastrectomy. Results: After reconstruction with a pouch, 6-month postoperative patients have a better food intake, a slower food passage (t50% 12 vs 25 min), fewer postprandial symptoms (4–10% vs 20–60%), less weight loss (7 vs 14kg), and in tendency, they have a better quality of life. With maintenance of duodenal passage, disturbance of blood sugar regulation (stimulated glucose level 22% lower) and iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin: 13.9 vs 12.5 g/dl; iron: 18.4 vs 10.2 μmol/l) are prevented. In addition, the patients lose less body weight (8% higher) and they tend to have a better quality of life (life quality score: 84 vs 76 points). Nevertheless, in several studies the number of patients is too small to demonstrate significant differences. Conclusions: After total gastrectomy, curatively operated patients might benefit from a reconstruction with pouch and maintenance of duodenal passage. Nevertheless, the present study results are partially divergent. For definitive demonstration of the superiority of this technique, further controlled longitudinal studies should be conducted with a larger number of cases and suitable instruments for assessing the quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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