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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations of the endothelin-B receptor and endothelin-3 genes in Hirschsprung’s disease (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 12 (1996), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Hirschsprung’s disease ; Endothelin-B receptor gene ; Endothelin-3 gene ; Mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The endothelin-B receptor gene (EDNRB) and the endothelin-3 gene (EDN3) have recently been recognized as susceptibility genes for Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). Novel EDNRB mutations have been detected in non-syndromic HD patients with heterozygous forms, and homozygous mutations of the EDNRB or the EDN3 genes have been reported in HD patients associated with type 2 Waardenburg syndrome. These observations confirm that impaired function of the endothelin-B receptor or endothelin-3 is involved in the aetiology of some human HD cases. EDNRB mutations appear to be associated with short-segment HD, in contrast to RET mutations, which are found mainly in long-segment aganglionosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01194795
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased intracellular levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in pulmonary endocrine cells in an experimental model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 11 (1996), S. 448-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ; Newborn ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) model was induced in pregnant rats following administration of 100 mg nitrofen. The fetuses were stored and fixed in Bouin's solution for 24 h after caesarean section at term. After fixation, the lungs were dissected out. Immunostaining of the CDH lungs and controls with rabbit anti-rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antibody at “optimal” and “supraoptimal” dilution levels was obtained by examining the intensity of staining with a series of dilutions of the antisera from 1: 1,000 to 1: 20,000. Supraoptimal dilution detects variations in antigen concentration that may be masked if the routine optimal dilution is used. Immunostaining of the lung by antisera to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and alpha-smooth-muscle actin (ASMA) was performed to examine vascular remodelling. The number of CGRP-immunoreactive cells was significantly (P 〈0.001) greater in the lungs of CDH rats (n = 26) (0.74 +-0.19 NEB [neuroepithelial bodies]/mm2; mean +- SEM) compared with controls (n = 21) (0.30+-0.16 NEB/mm2) seen at supraoptimal dilution (1:20,000). Since CGRP is a vasodilator, this could have important implications in the development of pulmonary hypertension. The pattern of ASMA and PDGF immunostaining was similar in CDH lungs and controls, and therefore, vascular remodelling is not a feature of CDH lungs in fetuses delivered by caesarean section and not exposed to hypoxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180080
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations of the endothelin-B receptor and endothelin-3 genes in Hirschsprung's disease (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 12 (1996), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Hirschsprung's disease ; Endothelin-B receptor gene ; Endothelin-3 gene ; Mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The endothelin-B receptor gene (EDNRB) and the endothelin-3 gene (EDN3) have recently been recognized as susceptibility genes for Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Novel EDNRB mutations have been detected in non-syndrommc HD patients with heterozygous forms, and homozygous mutations of the EDNRB or the EDN3 genes have been reported in HD patients associated with type 2 Waardenburg syndrome. These observations confirm that impaired function of the endothelin-B receptor or endothelin-3 is involved in the aetiology of some human HD cases. EDNRB mutations appear to be associated with shortsegment HD, in contrast to RET mutations, which are found mainly in long-segment aganglionosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01194795
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The RET proto-oncogene: a challenge to our understanding of disease pathogenesis (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 12 (1996), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words RET ; RET proto-oncogene ; Hirschsprung’s disease ; Multiple endocrine neoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  RET gene alterations as disease-causative mutations have been demonstrated in five different disease entities: Hirschsprung’s disease (HD); papillary thyroid carcinoma; and three types of inherited cancer syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A, MEN 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. RET is expressed during embryogenesis in a temporally and spatially regulated manner, and plays an important role in the normal development of a variety of cell lineages, particularly in the establishment of the enteric nervous system. RET mutations observed in patients with HD are scattered along the gene without any hot spots, and possess a loss-of-function effect. RET mutations are detected with a higher incidence among familial cases (50%) than sporadic cases (15% – 20%), and are more closely associated with long-segment HD than short-segment disease. In contrast to HD mutations, missense mutations observed in MEN 2 syndromes occur at specific codons, and gene rearrangements are characteristic in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Both missense mutations and gene rearrangements act in a dominant fashion, and cause constitutive phosphorylation on the tyrosine of RET and highly enhance RET kinase activity, leading to transforming or oncogenic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01194794
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered messenger RNA expression of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (1997)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 12 (1997), S. 576-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ; Neuronal nitric oxide synthase ; messenger RNA ; Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) has been described as a mediator of smooth muscle relaxation in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the formation of NO. We examined the expression of the neuronal NOS gene at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level in pyloric smooth-muscle biopsy specimens from six patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. For controls, smooth-muscle layer specimens of pylorus (n = 3), ileum (n = 2), and colon (n = 2) were used. With 31 cycles of PCR reaction, control specimens revealed detectable signals for neuronal NOS mRNA. In contrast, signals of IHPS specimens were undetectable in five cases and very weak in one. By increasing the PCR to 37 cycles, detectable signals for neuronal NOS mRNA were observed in all IHPS specimens, but they were significantly weaker than those of controls. Since a low level of neuronal NOS mRNA may lead to impaired production of NO, our observations indicate that the excessively contracted, hypertrophied pyloric muscle in IHPS is a result of reduced expression of the neuronal NOS gene at the mRNA level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371902
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial comments (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 13 (1998), S. 231-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active collagen synthesis in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 13 (1998), S. 237-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ; Procollagen type I extracellular matrix ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract M-57 antibody, which is capable of distinguishing newly-synthesized type I procollagen from fully-processed, mature collagen, was used to examine the expression of collagen synthesis in hypertrophic pyloric muscle from patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). Seven specimens from IHPS patients were removed at the time of operation; age-matched normal pyloric tissue of 5 post-mortem cases was obtained as controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibody of the amino-terminal end of the procollagen type I propeptide (M-57). Newly-synthesized procollagen (M-57) was strongly detected in both the connective tissue septa between circular muscle bundles, and among the circular-muscle fibers in patients with IHPS. No M-57 staining was observed among the circular-muscle fibers in controls. Our findings show that the hypertrophic circular muscle in IHPS is actively synthesizing collagen, and this may be responsible for the characteristic “firm” nature of the pyloric tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of antenatal glucocorticoid administration on insulin-like growth factor I and II levels in hypoplastic lung in nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ; Rat ; Glucocorticoid ; Antenatal therapy ; Insulin-like growth factor I and II ; Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is increasing evidence to suggest that insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II play a crucial role in fetal lung development. Expression of IGF-I and II has been demonstrated to be predominant during fetal life and decreases prior to birth. Antenatal glucocorticoids are reported to improve lung immaturity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antenatal glucocorticoid administration on IGF-I and II expression in nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in rats. A CDH model was induced in pregnant rats following administration of 100 mg nitrofen on day 9.5 of gestation (term = 22 days). Dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally on days 18.5 and 19.5 of gestation. Cesarean section was performed on day 21. The fetuses were divided into three groups: I, normal controls; II, nitrofen-induced CDH; and III, nitrogen-induced CDH with antenatal dexamethasone treatment. mRNA was extracted from whole lung and a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the relative amounts of IGF I and II mRNA. Levels of mRNA were expressed as a ratio of the band density divided by that of β-actin, a housekeeping gene known to be expressed at a constant level. Immunohistochemistry using anti-rat IGF I and II antibody was also performed in each group. Levels of IGF I mRNA were significantly increased in group II (0.50 ± 0.08) compared to group I (0.34 ± 0.10) or group III (0.32 ± 0.06) (P 〈 0.05). Levels of IGF II mRNA were also significantly increased in group II (0.95 ± 0.20) compared to group I (0.42 ± 0.07) or group III (0.31 ± 0.09) (P 〈 0.05). Strong IGF I and II expression was observed in the hypoplastic CDH lung (group II), mainly in the bronchiolar epithelium. IGF I and II expression in group I and III lungs was either absent or weak. The finding of significant reductions in IGF I and II mRNA and protein levels in dexamethasone-treated CDH lung suggest that dexamethasone may accelerate the fetal stage of lung development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050548
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered intramuscular innervation and synapse formation in internal sphincter achalasia (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 192-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Keywords Internal anal sphincter achalasia ; Innervation ; PGP 9.5 ; Synapse ; Synapsin I ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Internal anal sphincter achalasia (IASA) is a condition with a clinical presentation similar to Hirschsprung's disease, but with the presence of ganglion cells on rectal biopsy. The diagnosis of IASA is made on anorectal manometry, which demonstrates the absence of a rectosphincteric reflux on rectal balloon inflation. In order to understand the nature of neuronal abnormalities in this condition, we performed immunohistochemistry using PGP 9.5 (a general neuronal marker) and synapsin I (a presynaptic marker) in IAS specimens from 10 patients with IASA and 8 normal controls. In the IAS of normal controls, there were many PGP 9.5 and synapsin I-positive nerve fibers. In IASA PGP 9.5-immunoreactive fibers were markedly reduced and synapsin I-positive fibers were either absent or markedly reduced. Our findings demonstrate that the IAS in achalasia patients has defective intramuscular innervation as well as defective innervation of the neuromuscular junction, thereby contributing to the motility dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050552
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whole-mount NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry is a reliable technique for the intraoperative evaluation of extent of aganglionosis (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Keywords Hirschsprung's disease ; Intraoperative diagnosis ; NADPH-diaphorase ; Whole-mount ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multiple seromuscular biopsies at three levels (narrow segment, transitional zone, and dilated segment) were taken and investigated intraoperatively to determine the extent of aganglionosis. Using the whole-mount preparation technique, circular muscle fibers were separated from the specimens. After a short prefixation, the muscle fibers were stained by the NADPH-diaphorase technique and were examined within 20–25 min. A fine and dense neuronal meshwork was observed between circular muscle fibers in the normal and ganglionic part of the bowel. In contrast, there was a complete lack of NADPH-diaphorase-positive fibers in the circular muscle of aganglionic colon. In the transitional zone, NADPH-diaphorase-positive fibers were markedly reduced compared to the ganglionic region. The density of these fibers increased and attained normal levels in the proximal bowel above the transition zone. These results suggest that whole-mount NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry is a three-dimensional technique suitable for the intraoperative evaluation of extend of aganglionosis. The technique is sufficiently rapid to be used in conjunction with routine frozen sections to assist in the diagnosis and in selecting the optimal level of resection at the time of pull-through operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050553
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