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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of structure of hydroxyl-terminated maleopimaric acid ester on thermal stability of rigid polyurethane foams (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1803-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of hydroxyl-terminated maleopimaric acid esters (HTMAEs) and rigid polyurethane (PU) foams based on these HTMAEs were synthesized using chemically modified natural gum rosin and its derivative maleopimaric acid as raw materials. Thermal stability of these polyols and their corresponding rigid PU foams was studied by a thermogravimetric method and a dimensional stability measurement. It was shown that the thermal stability of the final foams was strongly dependent on the structure of their corresponding polyols. The thermogravimetric analysis curves of these rosin-based rigid PU foams displayed two distinct regions of weight loss. It has been shown that at the initial stage of weight loss the process was dominated by polyol component degradation; the second stage was governed by isocyanate component degradation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070581019
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the composition of rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams on their thermal stability (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1167-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams of different composition were synthesized directly from chemically modified gum rosin. The effect of the composition of these rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams on their thermal stability and compression strength was measured. It was shown that the onset temperature of weight loss and the dimensional stability at high temperature increased with increase of the molar ratio of NCO/OH. The TGA data further confirmed that the second stage weight loss in the two-stage weight loss process of these polyurethane foams was governed by thermal degradation of the isocyanate component. Although density had no significant influence on the TGA curves of the rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams, it had great influence on the dimensional stability at high temperature and compression strength of the foams. It has been shown that the inclusion of rosin in rigid polyurethane foams increases the strength and thermal stability compared with that of polyether-based ones. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface studies of pristine and surface-modified polypyrrole films (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 625-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polypyrrole (PPY) films having high conductivity were synthesized electrochemically in acetonitrile at low temperature and low current density. Pristine, deprotonated, and ozone-pretreated PPY films were subjected to either thermally induced or near-UV-light-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc), or sodium salt of 4-styrenesulfonic acid (NaSS). Surface structures and redox states of the pristine, deprotonated, reprotonated, and surface-modified polypyrrole films were studied by angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology of the PPY surface after modification by graft co-polymerization was revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the density of surface grafting decreased with ozone pretreatment. Surface grafting of the two polymeric acids also gave rise to a self-protonated surface structure. A substantial proportion of the grafted protonic acid groups at the surface remained free for further surface functionalization. The surface characteristics, in particular the charge-transfer interactions and the changes in the intrinsic redox states of the substrate films, associated with the external protonation and surface self-protonation processes were also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Modification of Electroactive Polymer Films by Ozone Treatment (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Surface modification of polypyrrole (PPY), polyaniline (PAN) and poly(3-alkylthiophene) films by ozone was studied by angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the case of the N-containing polymers, oxidation occurs readily and mainly at the carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of CνO, CξO, COOH and even OνCOOH (especially for PAN) species. The carbon atoms of doped PPY and PAN films are significantly more resistant to ozone oxidation, but the samples suffer some loss of the dopant in the surface region. Ozone treatment does not involve the direct oxidation of the nitrogen heteroatoms to form theνNOx species, even at high extent of carbon oxidation. In addition, a substantial decrease in the intrinsic oxidation state ([ξNν]/[νNHν] ratio) was observed in the 25% deprotonated PPY (DP-PPY) base, the 50% intrinsically oxidized emeraldine (EM) base and the 75% intrinsically oxidized nigraniline (NA) base after ozone treatment and subsequent atmospheric exposure. In the case of the S-containing polymers, ozone treatment results predominantly in the oxidation of sulphur heteroatoms to give rise to the sulphone and peroxide species. The oxidized sulphur species, however, are readily reduced or consumed in a photochemical reaction.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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