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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 34 (1995), S. 233-237 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Delayed reproductive death, the appearance of colonies with a reduced cell density (impaired colonies) and the number of giant cells per colony were investigated in murine fibrosarcoma cells after irradiation with 3 to 9 Gy of x-rays. Radiation survivors were replated after reaching confluence, which occurred after 13 to 15 doublings; this procedure was repeated three times. The replating efficiency decreased in a dose-dependent manner, the survivors of 9 Gy achieving only 30% of the plating efficiency of unirradiated cells. After the third replating, i.e. after 40 to 45 doublings, the plating efficiency of the survivors approached that of the controls. The median colony size of the survivors showed a similar dose-dependent decrease, which was pronounced after the first replating but still remained significant after the third replating. The fraction of impaired colonies was increased to more than 30% in 9-Gy survivors, and though abating, the increase was still significant even after the third replating. Evidence of residual damage was also provided by the presence of giant cells. For instance, after 6 Gy irradiation and 13 to 15 doublings, the proportion of colonies with giant cells was 60%, decreasing only to 45% after 40 to 45 doublings. The number of giant cells per colony was 1.4 in colonies arising immediately after 6 Gy, decreasing to 0.9 after the third replating. These results suggest that the proliferative capacity of surviving cells is depressed even longer than their clonogenic capacity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter: Tumorperfusion ; Blutfluß ; Dynamische MR-Messungen ; Rektumkarzinom ; Strahlentherapie ; Key Words: Tumor microcirculation ; Blood flow ; Dynamic MR imaging ; Rectal carcinoma ; Radiation therapy ; Chemotherapy ; Trancer kinetic modelling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Purpose: This study was aimed at measuring microcirculatory parameters and contrast medium accumulation within the rectal carcinoma during fractionated radiotherapy in the clinical setting. Materials and Methods: Perfusion data were observed in patients with rectal carcinoma (n = 8) who underwent a properative combined chemo/radiotherapy. To acquire perfusion data, an ultrafast T1 mapping sequence was carried out on a 1.5-Tesla whole body imager to obtain T1 maps at intervals of 14 or 120 seconds. The overall measurement time was 40 minutes. The transaxial slice thickness (5mm) was chosen in such a way that both arterial vessels and the tumor could be clearly identified. The gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) concentration time curve was evaluated for arterial blood and tumor after intravenous constant rate infusion. The method allows a spatial resolution of 2 × 2 × 5 mm and a temporal resolution of 14 seconds. Patients underwent MR imaging before and at constant intervals during fractionated radiotherapy. Results: Spatial and temporal resolution of dynamic T1 mapping was sufficient to reveal varying CM accumulation levels within the tumor and to identify the great arteries in the pelvis. In 6 patients Gd-DTPA concentration-time-curves were evaluated within the tumor during radiation. Pi index of Gd-DTPA versus radiation dose showed a significant increase in the first or second week of treatment, then either returned slowly to pretreatment level or a renewed increase was observed. The average Pi-value at the beginning was 0.16 (±0.049), reaching highest level of 0.23 (±0.058). In all groups the rise from the Pi-value to the Pi-maximum was statistically significant. The relative increase in perfusion ranged between 20 to 83%. Conclusion: The results show, that the ultrafast MR-technique described above provide a suitable tool for monitoring tumor microcirculation during therapeutic interventions and offers the potential for an individualized optimization of therapeutic procedures.
    Notizen: Ziel: Entwicklung und Anwendung dynamischer Magnetresonanztomographiemessungen zur Erhebung von Perfusionsparametern bei Rektumkarzinomen unter Bestrahlung in der klinischen Routine. Patienten und Methode: Bei Rektumkarzinompatienten (n = 8), die sich einer präoperativen kombinierten Radiochemotherapie unterzogen, wurden Perfusionsdaten erhoben. An einem 1,5-Tesla-Ganzkörperkernspintomographen wurden ultraschnelle T1-Mapping-Sequenzen zum Erhalt von T1-Maps mit Intervallen von 14 und 120 Sekunden implementiert. Die Meßzeit der dynamischen Messungen betrug 40 Minuten. Die Maßschicht (Schichtdicke 5mm) wurde so gewählt, daß sowohl Tumor als auch arterielle Gefäße dargestellt wurden. Gadolinium-DTPA-(Gd-DTPA-)Konzentrations-Zeit-Kurven wurden nach einem prolongierten Bolus im arteriellen Blut und im Tumor berechnet. Die angewendete Methode erlaubte eine räumliche Auflösung von 2 × 2 × 5 mm und eine zeitliche Auflösung von 14 Sekunden. Die Meßdaten wurden vor und in konstanten Intervallen während Therapie erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die räumliche und zeitliche Auflösung der T1-Maps war ausreichend, um Areale mit unterschiedlicher Kontrastmittelkinetik innerhalb des Tumors zu erfassen sowie die großen Beckenarterien sicher zu identifizieren. Bei sechs Patienten konnten Gd-DTPA-Konzentrationskurven im Tumor unter Therapie erhoben werden. Der Perfusionsindex (Pi) versus Strahlendosis zeigte eine signifikante Zunahme in der ersten oder zweiten Woche der Bestrahlung, bevor er entweder kontinuierlich absank oder nach anfänglichem Abfall einen erneuten Anstieg aufwies. Der durchschnittliche Pi-Ausgangswert betrug 0,16 (±0,049), das durchschnittliche Pi-Maximum war 0,23 (± 0,058). Die relativen Perfusionsveränderungen betrugen zwischen 20 und 83%. Schlußfolgerung: Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich die verwendete Methode zur Erfassung von Perfusionsparametern unter Bestrahlung eignet und in der klinischen Routine anwendbar ist. In der Zukunft könnte mittels der gewonnenen Daten eine individualisierte tumor- und perfusionsangepaßte Therapieoptimierung bei kombinierter Radiochemotherapie durchgeführt werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Advances in computational mathematics 4 (1995), S. 171-206 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Schlagwort(e): Anisotropic elliptic equations ; finite elements ; wavelets ; preconditioners ; multi-level methods ; AMS(MOS) 65F10 ; 65F35 ; 65N20 ; 65N30
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We describe tensor product type techniques to derive robust solvers for anisotropic elliptic model problems on rectangular domains in ℝ d . Our analysis is based on the theory of additive subspace correction methods and applies to finite element and prewavelet schemes. We present multilevel- and prewavelet-based methods that are robust for anisotropic diffusion operators with additional Helmholtz term. Furthermore, the resulting convergence rates are independent of the discretization level. Beside their theoretical foundation, we also report on the results of various numerical experiments to compare the different methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Nonketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH) is an inborn error of the glycine cleavage system resulting in seizures and mental retardation. Two prior reports noted an anticonvulsant effect from high-dose dextromethorphan (DM) in this disorder, although the two reported patients demonstrated widely disparate DM requirements and drug levels. We report two children with NKH who also demonstrated disparate and variable DM metabolism which markedly influenced the dose-concentration-response relationship. Levels of DM and its primary metabolite dextrorphan (DX) were utilized to guide DM therapy and exhibited patterns reflective of the extensive and poor metabolizer phenotypes for CYP2D6, the cytochrome P450 isoform responsible for DM metabolism. In the patient who appeared to represent the extensive metabolizer (EM) phenotype, treatment with the non-specific cytochrome P450 inhibitor cimetidine was required to reduce biotransformation of DM to DX and, thus, to increase DM plasma concentrations. In the patient with the apparent poor metabolizer (PM) phenotype, a change in the DM preparation to a sustained-release form and increase in the dosing interval was required to lower DM plasma concentrations. These cases demonstrate the importance of CYP2D6 phenotype in providing safe and effective DM therapy to patients with NKH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Numerical algorithms 18 (1998), S. 209-232 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Schlagwort(e): multivariate numerical quadrature ; Smolyak’s construction ; sparse grids ; complexity ; curse of dimension ; 65C20 ; 65D30 ; 65D32 ; 65M99 ; 65R20 ; 65U05 ; 65Y20
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We present new and review existing algorithms for the numerical integration of multivariate functions defined over d-dimensional cubes using several variants of the sparse grid method first introduced by Smolyak [49]. In this approach, multivariate quadrature formulas are constructed using combinations of tensor products of suitable one-dimensional formulas. The computing cost is almost independent of the dimension of the problem if the function under consideration has bounded mixed derivatives. We suggest the usage of extended Gauss (Patterson) quadrature formulas as the one‐dimensional basis of the construction and show their superiority in comparison to previously used sparse grid approaches based on the trapezoidal, Clenshaw–Curtis and Gauss rules in several numerical experiments and applications. For the computation of path integrals further improvements can be obtained by combining generalized Smolyak quadrature with the Brownian bridge construction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Computing and visualization in science 1 (1999), S. 201-219 
    ISSN: 1433-0369
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract. In this paper, we derive a model for the two-phase freezing process of supercooled fluids. Especially, we take density changes along the phase interfaces into account. Thus, besides heat diffusion and the interface phenomena, mass transport and convection in the fluid phase which is given by the full Navier–Stokes equations has to be considered. For the 2D case we implemented an algorithm for the numerical solution of the mathematical model using uniform volume cells for a finite difference discretization. Additionally, the phase boundaries are captured by a surface tracking method. We report on the mathematical model and its derivation, describe the numerical algorithm and present numerical experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 26 (1998), S. 281-301 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Navier-Stokes equations ; SIMPLE algorithm ; algebraic multigrid methods ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The application of standard multigrid methods for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in complicated domains causes problems in two ways. First, coarsening is not possible to full extent since the geometry must be resolved by the coarsest grid used. Second, for semi-implicit time-stepping schemes, robustness of the convergence rates is usually not obtained for convection-diffusion problems, especially for higher Reynolds numbers. We show that both problems can be overcome by the use of algebraic multigrid (AMG), which we apply for the solution of the pressure and momentum equations in explicit and semi-implicit time-stepping schemes. We consider the convergence rates of AMG for several model problems and demonstrate the robustiness of the proposed scheme. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Titel: Numerical simulation in fluid dynamics : a practical introduction
    Autor: Griebel, Michael
    Beteiligte Person(en): Dornseifer, Thomas , Neunhoeffer, Tilman
    Verlag: Philadelphia, PA :SIAM,
    Erscheinungsjahr: 1998
    Seiten: 217 S.
    Serie: SIAM monographs on mathematical modeling and computation
    Materialart: Buch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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