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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: Atrial arrhythmias have emerged as a topic of great interest for clinical electrophysiologists. Noninvasive imaging of electrical function in humans may be useful for computer-aided diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, which can be accomplished by the fusion of data from ECG mapping and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods and Results: In this study, a bidomain-theory–based surface heart model activation time (AT) imaging approach was applied to paced rhythm data from four patients. Pacing sites were the right superior pulmonary vein, left inferior pulmonary vein, left superior pulmonary vein, coronary sinus, posterior wall of right atrium, and high right atrium. For coronary sinus pacing, the AT pattern of the right atrium was compared with a CARTO map. The root mean square error between CARTO geometry (85 nodal points) and the surface model of the right atrium was 8.6 mm. The correlation coefficient of the noninvasively obtained AT map of the right atrium and the CARTO map was 0.76. All pulmonary vein pacing sites were identified. The reconstructed pacing site of right posterior atrial pacing correlates with the invasively determined pacing catheter position with a localization distance of 4 mm. Conclusion: The individual anatomic model of the atria of each patient enables accurate noninvasive AT imaging within the atria, resulting in a localization error for the pacing sites within 10 mm. Our findings may have implications for imaging of atrial activity in patients with focal arrhythmias or focal triggers. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 712-719, July 2003)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Tumorperfusion ; Blutfluß ; Dynamische MR-Messungen ; Rektumkarzinom ; Strahlentherapie ; Key Words: Tumor microcirculation ; Blood flow ; Dynamic MR imaging ; Rectal carcinoma ; Radiation therapy ; Chemotherapy ; Trancer kinetic modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Purpose: This study was aimed at measuring microcirculatory parameters and contrast medium accumulation within the rectal carcinoma during fractionated radiotherapy in the clinical setting. Materials and Methods: Perfusion data were observed in patients with rectal carcinoma (n = 8) who underwent a properative combined chemo/radiotherapy. To acquire perfusion data, an ultrafast T1 mapping sequence was carried out on a 1.5-Tesla whole body imager to obtain T1 maps at intervals of 14 or 120 seconds. The overall measurement time was 40 minutes. The transaxial slice thickness (5mm) was chosen in such a way that both arterial vessels and the tumor could be clearly identified. The gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) concentration time curve was evaluated for arterial blood and tumor after intravenous constant rate infusion. The method allows a spatial resolution of 2 × 2 × 5 mm and a temporal resolution of 14 seconds. Patients underwent MR imaging before and at constant intervals during fractionated radiotherapy. Results: Spatial and temporal resolution of dynamic T1 mapping was sufficient to reveal varying CM accumulation levels within the tumor and to identify the great arteries in the pelvis. In 6 patients Gd-DTPA concentration-time-curves were evaluated within the tumor during radiation. Pi index of Gd-DTPA versus radiation dose showed a significant increase in the first or second week of treatment, then either returned slowly to pretreatment level or a renewed increase was observed. The average Pi-value at the beginning was 0.16 (±0.049), reaching highest level of 0.23 (±0.058). In all groups the rise from the Pi-value to the Pi-maximum was statistically significant. The relative increase in perfusion ranged between 20 to 83%. Conclusion: The results show, that the ultrafast MR-technique described above provide a suitable tool for monitoring tumor microcirculation during therapeutic interventions and offers the potential for an individualized optimization of therapeutic procedures.
    Notes: Ziel: Entwicklung und Anwendung dynamischer Magnetresonanztomographiemessungen zur Erhebung von Perfusionsparametern bei Rektumkarzinomen unter Bestrahlung in der klinischen Routine. Patienten und Methode: Bei Rektumkarzinompatienten (n = 8), die sich einer präoperativen kombinierten Radiochemotherapie unterzogen, wurden Perfusionsdaten erhoben. An einem 1,5-Tesla-Ganzkörperkernspintomographen wurden ultraschnelle T1-Mapping-Sequenzen zum Erhalt von T1-Maps mit Intervallen von 14 und 120 Sekunden implementiert. Die Meßzeit der dynamischen Messungen betrug 40 Minuten. Die Maßschicht (Schichtdicke 5mm) wurde so gewählt, daß sowohl Tumor als auch arterielle Gefäße dargestellt wurden. Gadolinium-DTPA-(Gd-DTPA-)Konzentrations-Zeit-Kurven wurden nach einem prolongierten Bolus im arteriellen Blut und im Tumor berechnet. Die angewendete Methode erlaubte eine räumliche Auflösung von 2 × 2 × 5 mm und eine zeitliche Auflösung von 14 Sekunden. Die Meßdaten wurden vor und in konstanten Intervallen während Therapie erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die räumliche und zeitliche Auflösung der T1-Maps war ausreichend, um Areale mit unterschiedlicher Kontrastmittelkinetik innerhalb des Tumors zu erfassen sowie die großen Beckenarterien sicher zu identifizieren. Bei sechs Patienten konnten Gd-DTPA-Konzentrationskurven im Tumor unter Therapie erhoben werden. Der Perfusionsindex (Pi) versus Strahlendosis zeigte eine signifikante Zunahme in der ersten oder zweiten Woche der Bestrahlung, bevor er entweder kontinuierlich absank oder nach anfänglichem Abfall einen erneuten Anstieg aufwies. Der durchschnittliche Pi-Ausgangswert betrug 0,16 (±0,049), das durchschnittliche Pi-Maximum war 0,23 (± 0,058). Die relativen Perfusionsveränderungen betrugen zwischen 20 und 83%. Schlußfolgerung: Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich die verwendete Methode zur Erfassung von Perfusionsparametern unter Bestrahlung eignet und in der klinischen Routine anwendbar ist. In der Zukunft könnte mittels der gewonnenen Daten eine individualisierte tumor- und perfusionsangepaßte Therapieoptimierung bei kombinierter Radiochemotherapie durchgeführt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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