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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the psoas and iliacus muscles for stability and movement of the lumbar spine, pelvis and hip (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 5 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The activation patterns of the psoas and iliacus muscles were investigated in 7 healthy adult subjects (4 men and 3 women) during a variety of motor tasks in standing, sitting and lying. Myoelectric activity was recorded simultaneously from the 2 muscles using thin wire electrodes inserted under guidance of high-resolution ultrasound. In general, both muscles were coactivated, albeit to different relative levels, particularly when hip flexor torque was required. Selective activation of the iliacus could, however, be seen to stabilize the pelvis in contralateral hip extension during standing. Psoas was found to be selectively involved in sitting with a straight back and in contralateral loading situations requiring stabilization of the spine in the frontal plane. During training exercises from a supine position, such as sit-ups, the contribution of the psoas and iliacus muscles could be varied by changing the range of motion as well as the position and support for the legs. Thus, the 2 anatomically different muscles of the iliopsoas complex were shown to have individual and taskspecific activation patterns depending on the particular demands for stability and movement at the lumbar spine, pelvis and hip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1995.tb00004.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection is Associated with Long-Standing Perturbation of LFA-1 Expression on CD8+ T Cells (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes from mice infected with lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus revealed marked and long-standing up-regulation of LFA-1 expression on CD8+, but not on CD4+ T cells. Appearance of CD8+ T cells with a changed expression of adhesion molecules reflected polyclonal activation and expansion which was demonstrated not to depend on CD4+ T cells or their products. Cell sorting experiments defined virus-specific CTL to be included in this population (LFA-1hiMEL-14lo), but since about 80% of splenic CD8+ T cells have a changed phenotype, extensive bystander activation must take place; this is indicated also by the finding that CD8+LFA-lhi cells transiently express several markers of cellular activation, e. g. transferrin receptor, IL-2Rα and β. Analysis of cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of mice infected intracerebrally showed that virtually all T cells present belonged to the CD8LFA-lhi subset and, correspondingly, the ligand ICAM-1 was found to be up-regulated on endothelial cells in the inflamed meninges. Preincubation of LCMV-primed donor splenocytes with anti-LFA-1 markedly inhibited the transfer of virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity to naive recipients. Together, these findings indicate that up-regulation of LFA-1 expression is a critical factor involved in directing activated CD8+ T cells to sites of viral infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03633.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nasal cytokines in common cold and allergic rhinitis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Coronavirus-induced common cold and allergen-induced rhinitis are characterized by nasal mucosal exudation of bulk blood plasma. The mucosal exudation process involves ‘flooding’ of the lamina propria with plasma-derived binding proteins and it is possible that subepithelial inflammatory cytokines and mediators may be moved by the exudate to the mucosal surface. In this study, we have analysed cytokine levels in nasal lavage (NAL) fluids from non-allergic subjects inoculated with coronavirus (n= 20) and from subjects with allergic (birch pollen) rhinitis subjected to additional allergen challenge (samples were obtained 35min post challenge) in the laboratory (n= 10). Ten of the 20 inoculated subjects developed common cold and 10 remained healthy. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and IL-6 were analysed in unprocessed NAL fluids using immunoassays. The subjects who developed common cold had increased NAL fluid levels of IFNγ (P 〈 0.05) that correlated well with the symptoms (P 〈 0.001). IFNγ did not increase in subjects with allergic rhinitis. IL-1β levels were similar in NAL fluids obtained from all inoculated subjects. In the subjects with allergic rhinitis NAL fluid levels of both IL-1β and GM-CSF were increased (P 〈 0.05). GM-CSF was not detected in common cold. IL-4 and IL-6 were not detectable in any of the NAL fluids. The present cytokines may not only emanate from superficial mucosal cells. By aiding plasma exudation subepithelial cytokines may potentially also be retrieved on the mucosal surface. Our study provides original in vivo data supporting the notion that a TH-1 profile of cytokines, notably IFNγ, is present in viral infection and further supporting the view that GM-CSF is an important cytokine in allergic airways disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01022.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penile neuromas with multiple Meissner's corpuscles (1999)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 34 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1999.0696b.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circulating eosinophil/basophil progenitors and nasal mucosal cytokines in seasonal allergic rhinitis (1999)
    Copenhagen : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Accumulation of eosinophils in the airways is characteristic of allergic rhinitis and asthma. The tissue eosinophilia may involve both recruitment of mature eosinophils and proliferation of their progenitors. This study examines mature eosinophils (nasal and circulating), their circulating progenitors, and a potential role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in stimulating these progenitors. Twelve subjects with a history of seasonal allergic rhinitis and positive skin prick test for birch pollen were studied during four periods: shortly before, in the early and intense phase, at the end, and well after the Swedish birch-pollen season. Nasal mucosal and circulating eosinophils were examined in both nasal brushings and peripheral blood samples. Eosinophil/basophil progenitors were determined by counting colony-forming units in nonadherent mononuclear blood-cell cultures in methylcellulose at 14 days. The nasal mucosal cytokines GM-CSF, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES were analyzed (ELISA) in nasal lavage (NAL) fluids. All patients developed severe symptoms of rhinitis at the height of the season, with increased numbers of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa (P〈0.05) and in the circulation (P〈0.05). At this time point, the number of circulating progenitors (P〈0.05) and the NAL fluid level of GM-CSF (P〈0.05) were also increased. In contrast, there was no change in the NAL fluid levels of IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, or IL-8. Neither IL-5 nor RANTES could be detected in any of the NAL fluids. At the end of or after the season, there was no increase in nasal eosinophils or circulating eosinophils or progenitors (P〉0.05). Ex vivo addition of GM-CSF (10–100 U) increased the number of blood progenitors grown before (P〈0.01) and after (P〈0.05) the season, compared with during the season. The in vitro GM-CSF responsiveness of progenitors may be related to whether or not these already have been stimulated endogenously by GM-CSF. Taken together, our data thus suggest that GM-CSF may play a role in vivo to increase production of eosinophilic progenitors in allergic airway disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00756.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary stability of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene families in teleost (1998)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 47 (1998), S. 272-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Immunoglobulin ; Evolution ; Arctic charr ; Rainbow trout ; VH gene familiy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A comparison between related species would allow us to study the evolutionary changes in complex gene families. To investigate the evolution of immunoglobulin VH gene families in lower vertebrates, we compared cDNA VH clones from two related teleost fish species, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which are separated from their common ancestor by 12–20 million years (MY). The results showed that randomly isolated charr VH genes could be closely grouped to known VH genes of rainbow trout, suggesting that the VH family structure is stable during 12–20 MY and that the total number of VH families changes only gradually over a longer period. This finding also led us to define eight VH gene families of Arctic charr, designated Salalp VH I, VH II, and so on. The presence of species-specific amino acids suggests that non-reciprocal genetic exchanges (e.g., gene duplication) play an important role in shaping the evolution of the V gene family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050357
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unified nomenclature ofIg VH genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): definition of elevenVH families (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441003
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unified nomenclature of Ig VH genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): definition of eleven VH families (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050072
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group coancestry-controlled selection in a Pinus sylvestris L. breeding program (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Breeding program ; Coancestry ; Genetic diversity ; Group coancestry ; Integer linear programming ; Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Integer Linear Programming was used to maximize genetic gain from selection at a given level of relatedness. Variances and breeding values for total height were available for 296 plus-trees of Pinus sylvestris which had been evaluated by open-pollinated progeny testing at a single test site in northern Sweden. Second-generation breeding and selection scenarios for this breeding population were evaluated using simulated data derived deterministically from normal distributions of estimated breeding values of progeny around mid-parent family means. The study considered two mating designs, assortative and non-assortative single-pair mating, and two selection criteria, individual phenotype and performance of half-sib progeny. Relatedness (group coancestry) was restricted to a level equivalent to that given by within-family selection of 2 trees per family from each of 25 families (the current standard in Sweden). Selection that allows the best-performing families to contribute a greater number of progeny was superior, both when the breeding population size was limited to 50 individuals and when it was allowed to be larger. The selected set giving the greatest average breeding value under restricted group coancestry included the best individual from families that would have been rejected under application of standard within-family selection. We made a comparison of the present value on retrieved gain between phenotypic selection and evaluation by progeny testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051210
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