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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characterization of the tau-immunoreactive tubules in the oligodendroglial perikarya and their inner loop processes in progressive supranuclear palsy (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 558-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Coiled bodies ; Interfascicular threads ; Oligodendroglia ; Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Tau protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Coiled bodies and interfascicular threads are conspicuous white matter abnormalities of brains of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Both structures are argyrophilic and immunoreactive for the microtubule-binding protein tau. This report concerns the ultrastructural localization of interfascicular threads and their relationship to coiled bodies in five PSP patients. We showed for the first time that abnormal tubules with a 13- to 15-nm diameter and fuzzy outer contours were the common structures of coiled bodies in the oligodendroglial perikarya and of interfascicular threads. Moreover, the tubules were immunolabeled by anti-tau antibodies. The abnormal tau-positive tubules of interfascicular threads were located in the inner loop of the myelin sheath. Our study further indicated that the thread-like structures in the white matter comprised, at least in part, oligodendroglial processes, and that they were also present in gray matter. We consider that the formation of coiled bodies in the perikarya and of interfascicular threads represents a common cytoskeletal abnormality of the oligodendroglia of PSP patients. Moreover, even though the white matter alterations of PSP resemble those of corticobasal degeneration, there are certain ultrastructural differences in the abnormal oligodendroglial tubules of the two diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050652
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argyrophilic tau-positive twisted and non-twisted tubules in astrocytic processes in brains of Alzheimer-type dementia: an electron microscopical study (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1997), S. 28-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Astrocytes ; Alzheimer-type dementia ; Electron microscopy ; Glial fibrillary tangles ; Tau protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report concerns pathological astrocytic tubular structures (astrocytic tubules, As-Tbs) that coexist with glial filaments in astrocytic processes in brains with presenile-onset Alzheimer-type dementia. The formation of As-Tbs appears to be related to the duration of disease and the intensity of Alzheimer histopathology. In three cases in which the disease was of extremely long duration, As-Tbs were found in the frontal and temporal neocortices, the temporal pole and the hippocampus using electron microscopy, whereas they were not found in two cases with a long, but not extremely long, illness duration. As-Tbs were almost exclusively found in the highly devastated neuropil, and we could not find them in regions of moderate neuronal degeneration despite intensive inspection. As reported previously, some As-Tbs was seen adjacent to extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and in perivascular astrocytes. Our novel finding is that they can exist independently from these, in the highly devastated neuropil. Two types of As-Tbs were observed, twisted tubules with periodic constrictions at 50- to 80-nm intervals and non-twisted tubules where no constrictions were seen but which had a 15-nm fuzzy outer contour. They were positively stained by anti-human tau antibody, an antibody that does not recognize extracellular NFTs. Thus, it is most likely that As-Tbs are not the sequestration of extracellular NFTs, and that they are of astrocytic origin. Moreover, As-Tbs showed argyrophilia. As-Tbs appear indistinguishable from dystrophic neurites under the light microscope. The present data suggest that they may be more widely distributed in the damaged cerebral neuropil than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050762
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NACP/α-synuclein immunoreactivity in fibrillary components of neuronal and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions in the pontine nuclei in multiple system atrophy (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 439-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words NACP ; Synuclein ; Multiple system ; atrophy ; Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions ; Glial ; cytoplasmic inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) and oligodendrocytic glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in the pontine nuclei in multiple system atrophy (MSA) using antibodies against the non-amyloid β component of Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein (NACP/α-synuclein). Our immunohistochemical study revealed that anti-NACP antibodies labeled both NCIs and GCIs. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that positive reaction products were localized on the 15- to 30-nm-thick filamentous components of NCIs and GCIs. The present study demonstrates that NACP is associated with cytoplasmic inclusions of MSA, and suggests a role of NACP in abnormal filament aggregation in neuronal degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050917
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of ubiquitinated eosinophilic fibrillary neuronal inclusions in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 75-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Autolysosome ; Motor cortex ; Neuronal inclusion ; Ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We found eosinophilic fibrillary neuronal inclusions (EFNI) that were argyrophilic and immunoreactive for anti-ubiquitin in the cerebral cortex of a patient with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and mild personality changes. Both hematoxylin and eosin and Bodian’s preparations revealed the EFNI to be rod-, flame-shaped, or spherical structures existing within the swollen neuronal perinuclear region in the third, fifth, and sixth layers of the fronto-parieto-temporal cortices including the primary motor cortex. On electron microscopy, filamentous profiles aggregated and formed a single bundle or globule in the neuronal perikaryon without any limiting membrane. Most EFNI had a characteristic multiple layer arrangement. The inner core consisted of randomly oriented granule-free tubules with a fuzzy outer contour, measuring 15–20 nm in diameter. The surrounding layer was made up of granule-associated filaments, electron-dense free granules, and small vesicular profiles. Large autolysosome-like membrane-bound vesicular profiles were found scattered at the periphery. Neurofilaments were usually mingled with in the surrounding cytoplasm. Many EFNI were also found in dendrites, but only a few in axons. Both granule-free tubules and granule-associated filaments expressed ubiquitin protein epitopes. Aberrant phosphorylation of neurofilament protein and induction of αB-crystallin were shown to exist in EFNI-bearing swollen neurons. Despite having a variety of histological appearances, our observations revealed that EFNI all have common immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics, and thus we assume that EFNI represent a series of cytological alterations in the motor and extra-motor cortices of ALS patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050862
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy: clinicopathological study of dementia and involvement of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in seven autopsy cases (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 502-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy ; Dementia ; Nucleus basalis of Meynert ; Neuropathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report concerns a clinicopathological study including a quantitative pathological study on the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) of seven Japanese autopsy cases (four male, three female) of dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) with special reference to the clinicopathological correlation of dementia in DRPLA. In each case the pattern of the inheritance was consistent with that of an autosomal dominant trait. The neurological examination revealed that all seven individuals had cerebellar signs. Six patients had epilepsy and choreoathetoid involuntary movement; myoclonus was evident in five patients. Dementia was noted in all seven patients. Degeneration of the globus pallidus (particularly the lateral segment) and of the dentate nucleus was the principal pathological feature. Brain weights at autopsy ranged from 1020 to 1400 g (average 1241 g: male 1320 g, female 1135 g). The quantitative evaluation revealed no significant loss of neurons in the nbM as compared with a control group. There was no clinicopathological correlation between dementia and involvement of the nbM. We suggest that the dementia of DRPLA is due not to the involvement of the nbM, but to – as yet – unidentified pathology elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050925
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of neuritic clusters around ghost tangles in the hippocampal formation in progressive supranuclear palsy brains (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 97 (1999), S. 565-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Degenerating axon ; Synapse ; Ghost ; tangles ; Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Tau protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a detailed study of swollen neurite aggregation surrounding extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (ghost tangles, GTs) in brains of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy (EM). The complex structures, designated as tangle-associated neuritic clusters (TANCs), were found in the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex in all five PSP brains examined. TANCs measured from 20 to 40 μm across; twice as large as nearby neurons. Each neurite was globular or fusiform in shape, measured up to 10 μm in diameter, and was found between loosened fascicles of GTs or along their outer rims. There were several subsets of neurites that were argyrophilic or immunoreactive against antibodies to either phosphorylated tau protein, phosphorylated neurofilaments, ubiquitin, or synaptophysin. On EM, TANCs consisted of numerous axon terminals of varying size, which were filled with flocculate dense bodies, vesicular profiles, and synaptic vesicles, as well as normal-looking and degenerating cell organelles. Some axons had 13- to 15-nm-thick straight tubules that showed tau immunoreactivity; however, there was little neurofilament accumulation. Most of the swollen axon terminals conformed to the ultrastructural features of either reactive or degenerating terminals. The neurites identified by immunohistochemistry only represented a minority of the swollen axons visualized by EM. Tubules of GTs were dispersed in the extracellular space, but no amyloid fibrils were found. TANCs may constitute a distinctive form of neuronal degeneration in PSP cortices. We hypothesize that axon terminal accumulation may occur in response to GT-formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051032
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STM/STS and the first principles calculations on Al/Si(001)2×1 (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. S145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.16.-d; 68.35.Bs; 73.20.At
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 9  atoms/cm2. In this study, in order to achieve an elementary analysis of each atom on the Si surface, metal atoms on the Si(001) surface are analyzed by STS and the result is evaluated with the first principles calculations of quantum mechanics. As metallic contaminations, sub-monolayer of Aluminum is evaporated on Si(001)2×1. The Local Density of State (LDOS) on the Al/Si(001)2×1 is measured by STS at room temperature. The measured LDOS at an Al dimer is in good agreement with that obtained from the calculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051118
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