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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bonding of CAs acceptors in InxGa1−xAs grown by chemical beam epitaxy using carbon tetrabromide as the source of carbon (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6754-6760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: InxGa1−xAs layers (0≤x≤0.37) doped with carbon (〉1020 cm−3) were grown on semi-insulating GaAs substrates by chemical beam epitaxy using carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) as the dopant source. Hall measurements imply that all of the carbon was present as CAs for values of x up to 0.15. The C acceptors were passivated by exposing samples to a radio frequency hydrogen plasma for periods of up to 6 h. The nearest-neighbor bonding configurations of CAs were investigated by studying the nondegenerate antisymmetric hydrogen stretch mode (A−1 symmetry) and the symmetric XH mode (A+1 symmetry) of the H–CAs pairs using IR absorption and Raman scattering, respectively. Observed modes at 2635 and 450 cm−1 had been assigned to passivated Ga4CAs clusters. New modes at 2550 and 430 cm−1 increased in strength with increasing values of x and are assigned to passivated InGa3CAs clusters. These results were compared with ab initio local density functional theory. Modes due to AlInGaCAs clusters were detected in samples containing grown in Al and In. These results demonstrate that for InGaAs, CBr4 is an efficient C doping source since both In–CAs bonds as well as Ga–CAs bonds are formed, whereas there is no evidence for the formation of In–CAs bonds in samples doped with C derived from trimethylgallium or solid sources. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363803
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear arc discharge source for large area plasma processing (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 577-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A linearly scalable plasma source based on the radio frequency generated hot hollow cathode discharge between two parallel plates with a magnetic field perpendicular to the plates near the outlet of the cathode is introduced. The magnetic field facilitates and confines the hollow cathode discharge which leads to a high power density and a high cathode wall temperature. The geometry and location of hot zones is directly controlled by magnetic field. The linear arc discharge (LAD) source exhibits similar features as the cylindrical radio frequency hollow cathode plasma jet. Experiments indicate a metastable assisted growth of TiN films. LAD source extends abilities of the radio frequency hollow cathode plasma jet to the large area processing. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118210
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metastable assisted deposition of TiN films (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1521-1523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An excess heat from an exothermic reaction of metastable Ar (43P0) and Ar (43P2) atoms with N2 molecules at low contents of N2 in Ar was found to be responsible for an enhanced thermionic emission, an enhanced production of Ti target vapor, an increased ionization, and consequently for an enhanced deposition rate of TiN films in the radio frequency hollow cathode plasma jet (RHCPJ). This finding emphasizes favorable geometry of hollow cathodes, as well as an important role of metastables in plasma-assisted processes. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114479
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diel variation in habitat use by planktivores in field enclosure experiments: the effect of submerged macrophytes and predation (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The importance of submerged macrophytes and predation risk for habitat use by 0+ perch (Perca fluviatilis) and 0+ roach (Rutilus rutilus) was investigated in triplicate 78-m2 field enclosures with and without macrophytes in the middle. During three experimental runs, habitat use by fish were monitored every 6 h with Breder traps. Each period included 2 days of fish monitoring before stocking with piscivorous perch, and 2 days after. Predation risk significantly changed habitat use by 0+ perch in the morning, midday and evening, but not at night. By comparing with the unvegetated controls, we found a refuging effect of macrophytes in the morning. Under predation risk there was significant diel variation in habitat use by 0+ perch, suggesting a migration from the open water habitat at night into the macrophytes in the morning. Roach continued to use open water even after predators were stocked, but responded like perch by reducing overall activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00242.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rat gene homologous to human granule membrane protein 17 is expressed by natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells, and a mast cell line (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 815-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words NK cells ; T cells ; NKG7 ; GIG-1 ; GMP-17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050557
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonographic bedside evaluation of maxillary sinus disease in mechanically ventilated patients (1997)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 23 (1997), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Maxillary sinusitis ; Critical care ; Long-term care ; Intratracheal intubation ; Ultrasonography ; Endoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Evaluate A-mode ultrasonographic examination of maxillary sinus disease in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients using sinoscopy as criterion standard. Design: Prospective case series. Setting: The intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital. Patients: 25 mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients with nasotracheal intubation or a tracheotomy were followed up by ultrasonographic examination of the maxillary sinuses in supine and semirecumbent positions. Infectious sinusitis was suspected in 15 patients, who were bilaterally sinoscoped combined with sampling for bacterial culture. Results: The frequency of oedema and/or secretions was high: 29 antra of 30 examined. Only 2 of 30 antra showed bacterial infection. Ultrasonographic examinations were sensitive to general pathological changes but less accurate in specific diagnostics such as the presence of secretions (sensitivity for fluid 75 %, oedema 81 %). The sensitivity of ultrasonographic diagnosis improved when the examination was made in the semirecumbent position (sensitivity for fluid 91 %, oedema 81 %). Conclusions: A-mode ultrasonography is a useful method for daily use, being easy to perform and without discomfort to the patient. It is fast and gives an immediate diagnosis. In intensive care unit patients, it should be the method of choice for day-to-day studies of effects and changes in the upper airways. For the differential diagnosis of oedema and/or secretions, it is not reliable enough to be used as the sole diagnostic method. A complementary investigation, such as computed tomography or sinoscopy, which also provides the opportunity to take samples, is needed for diagnostic confidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050346
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibodies to group B streptococci in neonates and infants (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Group B streptococci ; Maternal Antibodies ; Antibody decline ; ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) infections are common in neonates but are rare after the 1st month of life. It is not known why GBS infections have this age distribution which differs from that of invasive infections caused by other encapsulated bacteria. The aim of this study was to test the possibility that serum antibodies against the GBS capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are acquired during the first months of life thereby preventing infections after the neonatal period. Cord sera were collected from 321 healthy term newborns. A second blood sample was collected at 2, 4, 8, 13 or 26 weeks of age. IgG CPS antibodies (measured by ELISA) against serotypes Ia, II and III were present in 98%–100% of all cord sera and decreased continuously during the first 6 months of life. No IgM antibodies against serotype III CPS were present in cord sera. Only 16%–17% of the children acquired IgM antibodies against serotype III CPS at 3 and 6 months of age. Conclusion Early acquisition of IgG or IgM antibodies against CPS of the most common GBS serotypes was not demonstrated and cannot explain the rare occurrence of invasive GBS infections in children after the 1st month of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050799
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Red List of lampreys and marine fishes of the Wadden Sea (1996)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 50 (1996), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the Wadden Sea areas of Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands, a total of 162 fish and lamprey species is known. 72 of these species are migrants entering the area occasionally; the total number of resident species in the Wadden Sea area is 90. In the Wadden Sea, in total, 20 species of fish and lamprey species are threatened in at least one subregion. Of these, 19 species are threatened in the entire area and are therefore placed on the trilateral Red List. 2 species of the listed fish and lamprey species are (probably) extinct in the entire Wadden Sea area. The status of 5 species of fish and lamprey species is critical, 5 species are (probably) endangered, the status of 6 is vulnerable and of 1 species susceptible. For about 16 rare species which may also be threatened, data were not sufficient to estimate past and present population sizes. The contributors to the list would like to encourage researchers to intensify work on the ecology and the present population sizes of these rare Wadden Sea species (see Fricke et al., 1995).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02366178
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient endotoxemia during burn wound revision causes leukocyte β2 integrin up-regulation and cytokine release (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation 19 (1995), S. 457-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2576
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After severe burns, a wound revision is often done to remove devitalized tissue and minimize bacterial growth. After such revision, the patient may show signs of sepsis. In a group of burned patients we found a transient endotoxemia, and a subsequent leukocyte activation, monitored as increased expression of theβ 2-integrin CD11b, after such wound revision. In most patients we could detect elevated levels of plasma TNF-α before the operation, with no increases in these levels after the operation. Plasma levels of IL-6 were elevated in all patients and increased after the wound revision in all patients. They also had elevated plasma levels of soluble E-selectin, indicating systemic inflammation. The close relation between endotoxin levels and CD11b expression, and lack of evidence for additional production of TNF-α, suggests that up-regulation of theβ 2 adhesion protein during wound revision is mainly caused by endotoxin interaction with the leukocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01534579
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